LARE flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Solar noon sun angle
- Solar noon altitude equals 90 degrees minus site latitude plus solar declination; declination is +23.44 degrees at the June solstice, 0 degrees at the equinoxes, and -23.44 degrees at the December solstice.
- Accessible route running slope
- The maximum running slope of an accessible route is 1:20, or 5 percent; any steeper segment must be built as a ramp limited to 1:12 with landings at each 30 inches of rise.
- Wheelchair turning space
- A 60-inch-diameter clear circle, or a T-shaped space measuring 60 by 60 inches with 36-inch arms, must be provided where a wheelchair needs to turn within a route or room.
- Net-to-gross area ratio
- Net assignable area divided by gross building area measures planning efficiency; circulation, partitions, structure, and mechanical space typically consume 15 to 25 percent of gross area.
- Windbreak downwind shelter distance
- A dense tree and shrub windbreak reduces wind speed about 50 percent at 2 to 5 tree heights downwind, with useful shelter extending to roughly 10 tree heights.
- Accessible parking access aisle
- Accessible car spaces pair an 8-foot-wide stall with an 8-foot access aisle; van-accessible spaces require an 11-foot aisle, or an 8-foot aisle beside a 9-foot-wide stall.
- Landscape design phase sequence
- Landscape projects proceed from programming and site analysis through schematic design, design development, construction documents, bidding, and construction administration, with owner approvals at phase gates.
- Tennis court play dimensions
- A doubles tennis court playing surface measures 36 by 78 feet; allowing runback and side clearance, the fenced court area is commonly planned at about 60 by 120 feet.
- Three-part specification format
- Under SectionFormat, each specification section is divided into Part 1 General, Part 2 Products, and Part 3 Execution, with submittals, product standards, and installation methods placed accordingly.
- Approved as noted stamp
- A submittal review action permitting the contractor to proceed if the reviewer's noted corrections are incorporated; it does not relieve the contractor of complying with the contract documents.
- Change order signatories
- A change order modifies contract scope, price, or time and must be signed by both the owner and the contractor after the design professional prepares and negotiates it.
- Construction change directive
- A written directive signed by the owner and design professional that orders a change before price and time are agreed; it is later converted into a change order.
- Retainage
- A percentage of each progress payment, commonly 5 to 10 percent, withheld by the owner until substantial completion as protection against incomplete or defective work.
- Substantial completion
- The stage at which work is sufficiently complete for the owner's intended use; it starts warranty periods, transfers insurance and utility responsibility, and often releases retainage.
- Request for information
- A formal request seeking clarification of the contract documents from the design professional; the response clarifies intent but does not itself change contract cost or time.
- Record drawings
- Drawings marked by the contractor to record field changes and actual installed conditions; they document as-built geometry but are not themselves contract modifications.
- Concrete control joint spacing
- For slab-on-grade concrete, control joints are spaced about 2 to 3 times the slab thickness in feet, roughly 8 to 12 feet for a 4-inch slab.
- Concrete design strength
- Landscape and residential flatwork typically uses 3,000 to 4,000 psi concrete, which reaches design strength at 28 days; pedestrian paving is commonly 4 to 6 inches thick.
- ACQ treated lumber fasteners
- Alkaline copper quaternary treated wood is corrosive to plain steel, so hot-dip galvanized or stainless steel fasteners and connectors rated for the exposure must be used.
- Retaining wall drainage layer
- A washed-gravel drain wrapped in filter fabric and drained by weep holes or perforated pipe placed behind a retaining wall relieves hydrostatic pressure and prevents structural failure.
- Brick mortar joint thickness
- Standard brick masonry uses 3/8-inch mortar joints; Type N mortar suits general above-grade work, while Type S is used where greater compressive strength is needed.
- Asphalt pavement section
- A light-duty asphalt walk or drive uses 2 to 3 inches of compacted asphalt over 6 to 8 inches of compacted aggregate base, with at least 2 percent surface slope.
- Playground fall surfacing depth
- Engineered wood fiber is installed at depths established by the manufacturer's critical-height testing, often 9 to 12 inches for fall heights near 10 to 12 feet.
- Tree protection zone radius
- A construction fence enclosing at least the dripline, and ideally 1 foot of radius per inch of trunk diameter, protects roots from compaction, grade change, and stockpiling damage.
- Percent slope formula
- Slope in percent equals rise divided by run, multiplied by 100; a 2-foot drop over 50 feet of run is 4 percent, equivalent to a 1:25 ratio.
- Rational method equation
- Peak runoff Q equals the runoff coefficient C times rainfall intensity i times drainage area A; Q is in cubic feet per second when i is inches per hour and A is acres.
- Rational method runoff coefficients
- Typical C values are about 0.9 for pavement, 0.2 to 0.3 for lawns, and 0.1 to 0.2 for dense woodland, reflecting how much rainfall becomes surface runoff.
- NRCS curve numbers
- Curve numbers range from about 30 to 98: impervious pavement is 98, good-condition lawn about 61, and good woodland about 55; higher numbers mean more runoff.
- Swale minimum slope
- Drainage swales require a longitudinal slope of at least 0.5 to 1 percent, plus about 6 inches of freeboard above the design water surface to contain overtopping.
- Acre and cfs conversions
- One acre equals 43,560 square feet, and one cubic foot per second equals about 448.8 gallons per minute; one inch of rain over an acre yields 3,630 cubic feet.
- Detention storage volume
- Detention volume equals inflow volume minus allowable outflow volume over the design storm, estimated by integrating the inflow and outflow hydrographs for the storm duration.
- Rain garden ponding depth
- Rain gardens are typically designed with 6 to 12 inches of ponding depth above the media surface so stored runoff infiltrates and draws down within 24 to 48 hours.