Lebanese Baccalaureate - Economics & Sociology (SE) study guide
Lebanese Baccalaureate - Economics & Sociology (SE) · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The Lebanese Baccalaureate in Economics and Sociology (Baccalauréat Libanais - Économie et Sociologie) is the school-leaving credential awarded at the end of secondary education in the Lebanese system, taken by students in the sociology-and-economics track. It is used for university admission in Lebanon and for recognition of secondary completion abroad. The Lebanese Baccalaureate - Economics & Sociology (SE) study guide has 9 sections and about 2,357 words.
01Microeconomics: Consumer and Producer Behaviour, Markets and Prices
A candidate must master utility and indifference curves , the budget constraint , and the marginal-utility rule for consumer equilibrium (MUx/Px = MUy/Py). On the producer side: production functions, short-run vs long-run costs, fixed vs variable costs, marginal and average cost , and profit maximisation where MC = MR .
312 words, about 2 min02Macroeconomics: National Accounts, Growth, Consumption, Investment and the Multiplier
Understand the three approaches to GDP (expenditure, income, output), the expenditure identity Y = C + I + G + (X − M) , and the distinction between GDP and GNP/GNI (factor income from abroad). Know nominal vs real GDP and the GDP deflator .
289 words, about 1 min03Money, Banking, Inflation, Monetary Policy and the Financial System
Know the functions of money (medium of exchange, unit of account, store of value, standard of deferred payment) and the money aggregates M1 (currency + demand deposits) and broader M2/M3. Commercial banks create deposits through the credit multiplier : maximum deposit creation = initial reserves × 1/reserve ratio.
275 words, about 1 min04Public Finance: Taxation, Budget Policy and the Role of the State
Understand the functions of the state : allocation (public goods, externalities), redistribution (taxes and transfers), stabilisation (fiscal policy). Public goods are non-rival and non-excludable ; merit goods are under-consumed if left to the market.
263 words, about 1 min05International Trade, Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates and Integration
Understand absolute advantage (Smith) versus comparative advantage (Ricardo): countries gain by specialising where their opportunity cost is lowest. Know arguments for protection (infant industry, national security, dumping) and costs (higher prices, retaliation, inefficiency).
284 words, about 1 min06Development, Unemployment, Poverty and Lebanese Economic Policy
Distinguish growth (GDP increase) from development (well-being, HDI, literacy, life expectancy, inequality). Know measures: GDP per capita, HDI, Gini coefficient, poverty headcount, PPP adjustments .
254 words, about 1 min07Foundations of Sociology: Schools of Thought, Concepts and Methods
Know the founders: Comte (positivism, coined 'sociology'), Durkheim (social facts, anomie, integration, suicide study), Weber (verstehen, rationalisation, bureaucracy, Protestant ethic), Marx (class conflict, mode of production, alienation), and later functionalism (Parsons, Merton - manifest/latent functions), conflict theory , symbolic interactionism (Mead, Goffman - dramaturgy), and structuralism . Socialisation (primary/secondary), norms, values, roles, status (ascribed/achieved), institutions , social control (formal/informal), culture and subculture , anomie , bureaucracy .
214 words, about 1 min08Social Structures and Institutions: Family, Education, Work, Religion, Stratification and Mobility
Family : types (nuclear/extended, patrilocal/matrilocal), functions (reproduction, socialisation, economic support), changing forms (single-parent, blended). Education : manifest (skills, credentials) and latent (socialisation, sorting) functions; hidden curriculum; credentialism.
196 words, under 1 min09Social Change, Globalisation, Migration, Demography and Lebanese Society
Drivers: technological innovation, economic transformation, demographic shifts, social movements, conflict. Theories: evolutionary, cyclical, conflict-based, functionalist.
270 words, about 1 min