Personnel Licensing and Medical Requirements
Questions here mix licence privileges, age and experience minima, and the medical validity table - the medical validity table is where most marks are lost.
Licences and ratings
Part-FCL defines LAPL, PPL, CPL, MPL and ATPL, plus ratings (type, class, instrument, instructor, examiner). Minimum ages: 16 for LAPL (sailplane/balloon), 17 for PPL/LAPL aeroplane, 18 for CPL, 21 for ATPL issue. The ATPL is "frozen" until the experience requirements are met. Privileges are limited by ratings; a licence without the relevant rating or recent experience does not authorise the flight.
Recency
To carry passengers, a pilot needs three take-offs and three landings within the preceding 90 days on the same type or class; landings at night count for night passenger carrying. Instrument recency is maintained through the LPC and the defined instrument experience in the preceding period.
Medical certificates (Part-MED)
Class 1: valid 12 months; reduced to 6 months for pilots over 40 engaged in single-pilot commercial air transport with passengers, and 6 months for all pilots over 60. Class 2: 60 months under 40, 24 months at 40 and over. LAPL medical: same 60/24 pattern. The examining AME can reduce validity when clinically indicated, and the pilot must self-declare any decrease in medical fitness and stop flying if unfit. There is no "Class 3" in Part-MED - ATCO medical fitness is handled under the ATCO requirements.
Worked example
A 62-year-old captain flying single-pilot commercial passenger operations holds a Class 1. Age over 60 reduces validity to 6 months regardless of sectors, so a medical dated 1 March expires 31 August.
Traps that cost marks
Assuming Class 1 is always 12 months; confusing a LAPL medical with a Class 2 for commercial privileges; forgetting that the 90-day recency is 3 take-offs and landings, and that night requires night landings.