I85PREP
⌘ K
PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures study materials
PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures study resources

PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures practice questions

One question at a time. Build your PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1International conventions and ICAO framework

The Convention on International Civil Aviation, which established the International Civil Aviation Organization, was signed in Chicago in which year?

  1. 1944 Correct answer.
  2. 1948
  3. 1947
  4. 1945

Explanation

The Convention on International Civil Aviation was signed at Chicago on 7 December 1944. ICAO came into being in 1947 after the required number of states had ratified it, so 1944 is the signing year.

Question 2International conventions and ICAO framework

Which ICAO Annex contains the international Standards and Recommended Practices for flight crew licensing, including the issue of private pilot licences?

  1. Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft
  2. Annex 8 Airworthiness
  3. Annex 1 Personnel Licensing Correct answer.
  4. Annex 2 Rules of the Air

Explanation

Annex 1 to the Chicago Convention is titled Personnel Licensing. It sets the international framework for licensing flight crew, including private pilots, and is the correct annex for licence standards.

Question 3International conventions and ICAO framework

Which statement reflects the fundamental principle in Article 1 of the Chicago Convention concerning a State's sovereignty over its airspace?

  1. It applies only to commercial air transport.
  2. It is limited to flight levels above 10,000 ft.
  3. It is complete and exclusive over the State's territory. Correct answer.
  4. It is delegated to ICAO for international flights.

Explanation

Article 1 of the Chicago Convention provides that every State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory. This principle underpins all subsequent rights of transit and overflight.

Question 4International conventions and ICAO framework

Under Article 6 of the Chicago Convention, a scheduled international air service may be operated over or into the territory of another State only with what?

  1. Prior consent of the State of registry only
  2. A bilateral airworthiness certificate
  3. A flight plan filed with ICAO
  4. Special permission or other authorization of that State Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 6 requires special permission or other authorization from the State concerned before a scheduled international air service may operate over or into its territory. The permission is normally given through bilateral air services agreements.

Question 5International conventions and ICAO framework

Article 7 of the Chicago Convention recognizes each State's right to reserve cabotage for its own aircraft. What does cabotage mean in this context?

  1. Carriage of traffic between two points within the territory of the same State for remuneration Correct answer.
  2. Carriage of traffic between two States under a bilateral agreement
  3. Carriage of mail across the high seas
  4. Non-commercial ferry flights for maintenance

Explanation

Cabotage is the carriage of passengers, mail or cargo between two points within the territory of the same State for remuneration. Article 7 allows each State to reserve such internal traffic to its own aircraft and to refuse cabotage rights to aircraft of other States.

Question 6International conventions and ICAO framework

Under Article 5 of the Chicago Convention, which category of international flight is generally given the right to fly into or transit another State's territory without prior permission, subject to that State's right to require landing and to impose conditions?

  1. Commercial air transport flights carrying cargo only
  2. Non-scheduled flights not engaged in scheduled international air services Correct answer.
  3. State aircraft on military missions
  4. Scheduled international air services carrying passengers for remuneration

Explanation

Article 5 grants non-scheduled flights a general right of transit and landing for non-traffic purposes without prior permission, subject to conditions. States may still require permission for non-scheduled flights that carry passengers, mail or cargo for remuneration.

Question 7International conventions and ICAO framework

ICAO Annex 13 states that the sole objective of an aircraft accident investigation is what?

  1. To apportion blame among flight crew and maintenance staff
  2. The prevention of accidents and incidents Correct answer.
  3. To determine legal liability for insurance purposes
  4. To enforce criminal penalties under the Tokyo Convention

Explanation

Annex 13 states that the sole objective of accident and incident investigation is prevention, not the apportionment of blame or liability. Investigations may identify causes and safety recommendations, but they are not designed to establish criminal responsibility.

Question 8International conventions and ICAO framework

Under the Chicago Convention, what majority of the ICAO Council is required to adopt or amend an Annex containing international Standards and Recommended Practices?

  1. Unanimous consent of all Council members
  2. A three-quarters majority of the Council
  3. A two-thirds majority of the Council Correct answer.
  4. A simple majority of members present and voting

Explanation

Under Article 90 of the Chicago Convention, the ICAO Council adopts and amends Annexes by a two-thirds majority of its members. The Council is the body responsible for adopting SARPs, not the Assembly.

Question 9International conventions and ICAO framework

Within an ICAO Annex, what distinguishes a Standard from a Recommended Practice?

  1. A Standard is adopted by the Assembly, while a Recommended Practice is adopted only by the Council
  2. A Standard applies only to commercial air transport, while a Recommended Practice applies to general aviation
  3. A Standard is binding on all States without exception, while a Recommended Practice is optional in every respect
  4. A Standard is necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation and requires uniform application Correct answer.

Explanation

A Standard is a provision whose uniform application is recognized as necessary for the safety or regularity of international air navigation. A Recommended Practice is recognized as desirable, and a State that cannot comply must notify ICAO of the difference.

Question 10International conventions and ICAO framework

The Tokyo Convention 1963 deals with offences and certain other acts committed on board aircraft. Which State normally has jurisdiction over an offence committed on board an aircraft in flight?

  1. The State of intended destination
  2. The State of departure of the flight
  3. The State whose airspace the aircraft is overflying
  4. The State of registration of the aircraft Correct answer.

Explanation

The Tokyo Convention recognizes the State of registration as competent to exercise jurisdiction over offences committed on board an aircraft in flight. That jurisdiction is not exclusive, but it is the primary basis established by the Convention.

Question 11International conventions and ICAO framework

Which ICAO Annex contains the international Standards and Recommended Practices for the Rules of the Air, including right-of-way rules and flight plan requirements?

  1. Annex 2 - Rules of the Air Correct answer.
  2. Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft
  3. Annex 14 - Aerodromes
  4. Annex 11 - Air Traffic Services

Explanation

Annex 2 to the Chicago Convention sets out the Rules of the Air, covering right-of-way, flight plans, signals, and the conduct of flight. Annex 6 addresses operation of aircraft, Annex 11 air traffic services, and Annex 14 aerodromes.

Question 12International conventions and ICAO framework

Under Article 3 of the Chicago Convention, to which aircraft does the Convention apply?

  1. Only aircraft on scheduled international services
  2. All aircraft, including military and police aircraft
  3. Only aircraft registered in a Contracting State
  4. Civil aircraft only, excluding state aircraft Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 3 limits the Convention to civil aircraft and expressly excludes state aircraft used in military, customs, or police services. State aircraft may only fly over or land in another State with special agreement.

Question 13International conventions and ICAO framework

Which ICAO body is composed of representatives of all Contracting States, meets at least once every three years, and reviews the work of the Organization?

  1. The ICAO Assembly Correct answer.
  2. The ICAO Council
  3. The Air Navigation Commission
  4. The ICAO Secretariat

Explanation

The ICAO Assembly is the sovereign body of the Organization, with one vote per Contracting State. It meets at least once every three years to review the work of ICAO and set policy.

Question 14International conventions and ICAO framework

Article 29 of the Chicago Convention lists documents that must be carried on board an aircraft engaged in international navigation. Which of the following is specifically included in that list?

  1. The dangerous goods transport document
  2. The journey logbook Correct answer.
  3. The mass and balance report
  4. The maintenance programme

Explanation

Article 29 requires the journey logbook, along with documents such as the certificate of registration, certificate of airworthiness, crew licences, and radio station licence. The maintenance programme and mass and balance report are operational records but are not among the Article 29 list.

Question 15International conventions and ICAO framework

The International Air Services Transit Agreement grants participating States two 'freedoms of the air'. Which pair do these represent?

  1. The right to carry passengers and cargo between two foreign States for commercial gain
  2. The right to establish an airline in another State and to convert currency freely
  3. The right to overfly another State without landing and to land there for non-traffic purposes Correct answer.
  4. The right to operate cabotage services within another State's domestic market

Explanation

The International Air Services Transit Agreement, often called the Two Freedoms Agreement, covers the first freedom (overflight without landing) and the second freedom (technical stop for non-traffic purposes). Commercial traffic rights between foreign States are not granted by that Agreement.

Question 16International conventions and ICAO framework

Under Article 12 of the Chicago Convention, which rules of the air apply to an aircraft flying over the high seas?

  1. The rules of the nearest coastal State
  2. The rules of the State of departure
  3. The national rules of the State of registry
  4. The rules established under the Convention, namely Annex 2, without exception Correct answer.

Explanation

Article 12 provides that over the high seas the rules in force are those established under the Convention. In practice this means the Annex 2 Rules of the Air apply there without exception.

Question 17International conventions and ICAO framework

Which ICAO Annex, titled 'Security: Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference', contains the SARPs for aviation security?

  1. Annex 9 - Facilitation
  2. Annex 19 - Safety Management
  3. Annex 14 - Aerodromes
  4. Annex 17 - Security Correct answer.

Explanation

Annex 17 contains the international standards and recommended practices for aviation security, including measures against unlawful interference. Annex 9 covers facilitation, Annex 14 aerodromes, and Annex 19 safety management.

Question 18International conventions and ICAO framework

When an aircraft accident occurs in the territory of a Contracting State, which State is responsible under Annex 13 for instituting the investigation?

  1. The State of Manufacture
  2. The State of Occurrence Correct answer.
  3. The State of Registry
  4. The State of the Operator

Explanation

Annex 13 assigns the responsibility for instituting an investigation to the State of Occurrence, which may delegate the task by agreement. Other States, such as the State of Registry or the State of the Operator, normally participate as accredited representatives.

Question 19International conventions and ICAO framework

Under Article 33 of the Chicago Convention, when must a Contracting State recognize certificates of airworthiness and licences issued by another Contracting State?

  1. When the aircraft is registered in the State that issued the licence
  2. When the issuing State's requirements are equal to or above the ICAO minimum standards Correct answer.
  3. When the licence is printed in English and endorsed by the operator
  4. When the pilot also holds a valid Class 1 medical certificate

Explanation

Article 33 requires recognition of certificates and licences issued or rendered valid by the State of Registry, provided their requirements are equal to or above the minimum standards established under the Convention. A State may refuse recognition if it finds the requirements below those minimums.

Question 20International conventions and ICAO framework

A Contracting State finds that it cannot comply with a Standard in an ICAO Annex. Under Article 38 of the Chicago Convention, what is the correct course of action?

  1. The Standard is automatically amended for all Contracting States
  2. The State notifies ICAO of the difference and is not bound by that Standard Correct answer.
  3. The State may continue international operations only with prior Council approval
  4. The State is automatically suspended from ICAO until it complies

Explanation

Article 38 allows a State to notify ICAO of any difference between its own practices and an international Standard. Notification does not exempt the State from other Convention obligations, but the notified Standard does not become binding on that State.

Question 21Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

What is the minimum medical certificate class required for a private pilot licence (PPL) holder to act as pilot-in-command of a non-commercial flight carrying passengers?

  1. Class 1 medical certificate
  2. Class 2 medical certificate Correct answer.
  3. A medical declaration only
  4. Class 3 medical certificate

Explanation

A PPL holder must hold at least a valid Class 2 medical certificate to exercise the privileges of the licence. Class 1 is required for commercial operations, and a medical declaration is not sufficient for PPL privileges.

Question 22Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

What is the minimum age at which a person may be issued a private pilot licence (PPL) for aeroplanes?

  1. 17 years
  2. 16 years Correct answer.
  3. 18 years
  4. 21 years

Explanation

The minimum age for issue of a PPL is 17 years, while a LAPL may be issued at 16. There is no requirement to be 18 for a PPL.

Question 23Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL(A) holder without any additional rating or authorisation may carry passengers only when the flight is:

  1. operated for reward if the passengers are colleagues
  2. flown in a multi-engine aircraft
  3. conducted under an air operator certificate
  4. not operated for remuneration or hire, with costs shared only as permitted Correct answer.

Explanation

PPL privileges do not include carrying passengers for remuneration or hire. Private pilots may share direct costs with passengers on a pro rata basis, but the flight must not be held out or operated for reward.

Question 24Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A 45-year-old PPL holder is issued a Class 2 medical certificate. What is its maximum period of validity?

  1. 12 months
  2. 36 months
  3. 60 months
  4. 24 months Correct answer.

Explanation

For a Class 2 medical certificate, validity is 60 months for applicants under 40 and 24 months for applicants aged 40 or over. At 45, the maximum validity is therefore 24 months.

Question 25Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

Before carrying passengers, a PPL holder must have completed at least three take-offs and three landings in the preceding:

  1. 6 months
  2. 90 days Correct answer.
  3. 30 days
  4. 12 months

Explanation

Recency for passenger carrying requires three take-offs and landings within the preceding 90 days, in the same type or class of aircraft. The landings must be performed as sole manipulator of the controls.

Question 26Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL holder begins to experience symptoms that may affect fitness to fly. What is the correct course of action?

  1. Inform the competent authority only if hospital treatment is needed
  2. Do not exercise the privileges of the licence and seek advice from an aeromedical examiner Correct answer.
  3. Continue if symptoms are mild and no medication is taken
  4. Ask another pilot to observe the flight

Explanation

The holder of a medical certificate must not exercise licence privileges if aware of any decrease in medical fitness. The pilot should consult an aeromedical examiner or the licensing authority before flying again.

Question 27Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

For a PPL holder, what is the minimum ICAO language proficiency level, and how long is a Level 4 endorsement valid?

  1. Level 5, valid 5 years
  2. Level 6, valid 6 years
  3. Level 3, valid 3 years
  4. Level 4, valid 4 years Correct answer.

Explanation

The minimum acceptable ICAO language proficiency level for a PPL is Level 4. A Level 4 endorsement is valid for 4 years, while Level 5 is valid for 6 years and Level 6 is permanent.

Question 28Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A student pilot flies a supervised solo cross-country. How may this flight time normally be logged?

  1. As co-pilot time
  2. As dual instruction time
  3. As neither PIC nor dual
  4. As pilot-in-command time Correct answer.

Explanation

Solo flight time is logged as pilot-in-command time because the student is the sole occupant and sole manipulator of the controls. It is not dual time, since no instructor is on board.

Question 29Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A Class 2 medical certificate carries the restriction 'valid only with corrective lenses'. What does this require during flight?

  1. The pilot must have a second pilot on board
  2. The pilot must wear the corrective lenses while exercising the privileges of the licence Correct answer.
  3. The pilot may remove the lenses once established in cruise
  4. The pilot must carry the lenses but need not wear them

Explanation

A restriction on a medical certificate is part of the certificate and must be complied with whenever licence privileges are exercised. Carrying the lenses without wearing them does not satisfy the restriction.

Question 30Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL holder's Class 2 medical certificate expires tomorrow and no renewal examination has been completed. What privileges may be exercised after the expiry date?

  1. Fly only within the local aerodrome traffic circuit
  2. Continue as PIC for 30 days while awaiting renewal
  3. No pilot privileges until a valid medical certificate is issued Correct answer.
  4. Carry passengers but not fly solo

Explanation

A valid medical certificate is a condition for exercising the privileges of a PPL at all times. After expiry, the pilot may not act as PIC or required crew until the certificate is renewed or reissued.

Question 31Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

What is the minimum age at which a person may be issued a commercial pilot licence (CPL) for aeroplanes under ICAO Annex 1?

  1. 16 years
  2. 17 years
  3. 18 years Correct answer.
  4. 21 years

Explanation

ICAO Annex 1 sets the minimum age for issue of a CPL at 18 years. A PPL may be issued at 17 years, while an ATPL requires a minimum age of 21 years. The CPL age minimum applies regardless of the aircraft category.

Question 32Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

Before a student pilot may make a first solo flight in an aeroplane, what minimum age must the student have reached under EASA Part-FCL?

  1. 18 years
  2. 17 years
  3. 16 years Correct answer.
  4. 14 years

Explanation

FCL.020 prohibits a student pilot from flying solo before reaching 16 years of age. The 17-year minimum applies to issue of a PPL(A), not to solo flight. A first solo also requires instructor authorisation and a valid medical certificate.

Question 33Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

Which medical certificate class is required for a holder of a commercial pilot licence (CPL) to exercise the privileges of that licence?

  1. Class 2
  2. Class 3
  3. Class 1 Correct answer.
  4. Class 1 or Class 2, at the pilot's choice

Explanation

A CPL holder must hold a valid Class 1 medical certificate to exercise CPL privileges. Class 2 is sufficient for PPL privileges, and Class 3 is not a standard ICAO pilot medical class. The higher class is required because CPL privileges include commercial operations.

Question 34Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A pilot holds a CPL(A) with the appropriate aircraft ratings. Which statement correctly describes the privileges of the licence?

  1. Act as PIC in commercial air transport carrying passengers without any additional qualification.
  2. Act as PIC in operations other than commercial air transport and as co-pilot in commercial air transport. Correct answer.
  3. Act as PIC only in private operations and never as co-pilot in commercial air transport.
  4. Act as PIC in commercial air transport only when the flight is not for remuneration.

Explanation

Under ICAO Annex 1 and EASA Part-FCL, a CPL(A) holder may exercise PPL privileges, act as PIC in operations other than commercial air transport, and act as co-pilot in commercial air transport. Command of commercial air transport requires additional qualifications beyond the CPL alone. The CPL does not authorise unlimited command in commercial air transport.

Question 35Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL(A) holder without an IR wants to carry passengers as PIC at night. What minimum recent take-off and landing experience is required under EASA Part-FCL?

  1. Three take-offs and three landings in the preceding 30 days, all at night.
  2. Three take-offs and three landings in the preceding 90 days, of which at least one was at night. Correct answer.
  3. Three take-offs and three landings at night in the preceding 90 days as sole manipulator of the controls.
  4. One night take-off and one night landing in the preceding 12 months.

Explanation

FCL.060 requires three take-offs, approaches and landings within the preceding 90 days in the same type or class, or a representative FFS. For passenger carriage as PIC at night without an IR, at least one take-off, approach and landing must have been at night. All three need not have been at night.

Question 36Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL(A) holder plans to share the operating costs of a private flight with passengers. Under EASA rules, which condition must be met?

  1. The flight must be advertised to the public so that costs can be shared widely.
  2. The costs must be shared among the pilot and passengers, and the pilot must not receive any remuneration beyond the shared costs. Correct answer.
  3. Cost sharing is permitted only if the flight is for business travel.
  4. The pilot may make a small profit if the passengers agree in advance.

Explanation

Cost sharing is allowed only among private individuals, with each person paying a proportionate share and no commercial purpose. The pilot may not receive payment beyond the genuine shared operating costs. Advertising the flight or making a profit converts it into commercial air transport, which a PPL does not authorise.

Question 37Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

Under ICAO Annex 1, what is the upper age limit for a pilot acting as PIC in commercial air transport with two pilots?

  1. 65 years Correct answer.
  2. 60 years
  3. 55 years
  4. 63 years

Explanation

ICAO Annex 1 sets 65 years as the upper age limit for pilots engaged in commercial air transport operations with two pilots. For single-pilot commercial air transport, the limit is 60 years. The 65-year limit does not apply to private PPL operations.

Question 38Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A 42-year-old pilot holds a Class 1 medical certificate and acts as PIC in single-pilot commercial air transport operations carrying passengers. What is the maximum validity of that certificate under EASA Part-MED?

  1. 6 months Correct answer.
  2. 24 months
  3. 36 months
  4. 12 months

Explanation

For pilots over 40 engaged in single-pilot commercial air transport carrying passengers, the Class 1 certificate validity is reduced to 6 months. The standard Class 1 validity is 12 months, and Class 2 can be 24 months for younger pilots. The reduced period is intended to increase medical oversight of this higher-risk operation.

Question 39Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL holder's Class 2 medical certificate contains the limitation 'subject to satisfactory cardiology review every 12 months'. The review is three weeks overdue. What is the correct course of action?

  1. Do not exercise any licence privileges until the cardiology review is completed and the medical certificate is confirmed or revalidated. Correct answer.
  2. Ask another pilot to act as PIC while continuing to log flying time as PIC.
  3. Continue flying privately, because the certificate itself has not yet expired.
  4. Fly only as a student pilot until the review is booked.

Explanation

A limitation on a medical certificate is part of the certificate's validity; if its condition is not met, the holder cannot exercise the privileges of the licence. The pilot must remain grounded until the required review is satisfactory and the certifying authority or AME confirms the certificate. The calendar expiry date alone does not override an unmet limitation.

Question 40Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL(A) holder has only a single-engine piston (SEP) class rating and wants to act as PIC of a twin-engine piston aeroplane. What is required under EASA Part-FCL?

  1. Completion of the required training and skill test for a multi-engine piston (MEP) class rating before acting as PIC. Correct answer.
  2. An ATPL must be obtained before any multi-engine piston flight.
  3. Only a checkout flight with an instructor, with no rating endorsement.
  4. No additional training is needed because the PPL covers all piston aeroplanes.

Explanation

A PPL(A) holder may act as PIC only within the ratings endorsed on the licence. Adding a multi-engine piston class rating requires the prescribed training and a skill test; a simple checkout or differences training does not create the rating. The PPL does not by itself cover all piston aeroplanes.

Question 41Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

Under ICAO Annex 1, what is the minimum age at which a person may be issued an airline transport pilot licence (ATPL) for aeroplanes?

  1. 17 years
  2. 23 years
  3. 21 years Correct answer.
  4. 18 years

Explanation

ICAO Annex 1 sets the minimum age for an airline transport pilot licence at 21 years. The lower ages listed apply to other licence categories, such as 17 for a PPL and 18 for a CPL, so they do not satisfy the ATPL requirement.

Question 42Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

A PPL holder is prescribed a medication whose patient information warns that it may impair attention and reaction time. The pilot feels well and has no symptoms. What is the correct action before acting as pilot-in-command?

  1. Fly only on short daytime flights below 5,000 ft
  2. Fly only if the dose is lower than the dose stated on the label
  3. Ask a passenger to monitor the pilot for drowsiness
  4. Do not act as PIC until an AME or the licensing authority confirms fitness with the medication Correct answer.

Explanation

A medical certificate does not protect the pilot from the effects of a medication that may impair attention or reaction time. The pilot must not exercise licence privileges until an AME or the licensing authority confirms that fitness is not affected; feeling well is not sufficient.

Question 43Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

Under ICAO Annex 1, which statement correctly describes the restriction on alcohol for a person acting as a flight crew member?

  1. The person may act as flight crew if a fellow pilot agrees the person is fit.
  2. The person must not act as flight crew while under the influence of alcohol. Correct answer.
  3. The person may act as flight crew after waiting 4 hours from the last drink.
  4. The person may act as flight crew if blood alcohol concentration is below 0.08%.

Explanation

ICAO Annex 1 prohibits any person from acting as a flight crew member while under the influence of alcohol. It does not create a universal waiting period or a common blood-alcohol limit; those details are set by individual States and may be stricter.

Question 44Personnel licensing, medical fitness, and privileges

During a private flight, a PPL holder's spectacles are broken. The medical certificate contains the limitation 'valid only with corrective lenses'. The pilot has no spare spectacles and vision is blurred. What is the correct course of action?

  1. Ask a passenger to read the instruments and continue to destination
  2. Land at the nearest suitable aerodrome and cease acting as PIC Correct answer.
  3. Continue to destination because the flight was already lawfully commenced
  4. Remove the limitation by making a good-faith declaration and continue

Explanation

A limitation on a medical certificate is a condition that must be satisfied whenever the pilot exercises licence privileges. If the required corrective lenses are broken and vision is blurred, the pilot no longer meets the limitation and must cease acting as PIC and land at a suitable aerodrome.

Question 45Aircraft documentation, registration, airworthiness, and markings

Which document establishes the nationality of an aircraft for international air navigation?

  1. Certificate of Release to Service
  2. Certificate of Registration Correct answer.
  3. Certificate of Airworthiness
  4. Airworthiness Review Certificate

Explanation

The Certificate of Registration is issued by the State of registry and records the aircraft's nationality and registration marks. It is not evidence of airworthiness; that is the role of the Certificate of Airworthiness.

Question 46Aircraft documentation, registration, airworthiness, and markings

Which body issues a Certificate of Airworthiness for an aircraft engaged in international air navigation?

  1. The type certificate holder
  2. The aircraft operator
  3. The State of registry Correct answer.
  4. An approved maintenance organisation

Explanation

The Certificate of Airworthiness is issued by the competent authority of the State of registry, normally on the basis of type certification and continued airworthiness requirements. A manufacturer, maintenance organisation or operator does not issue it.

Question 47Aircraft documentation, registration, airworthiness, and markings

Under ICAO Annex 7, how are the nationality mark and registration mark separated on an aircraft?

  1. By an asterisk
  2. By a hyphen Correct answer.
  3. By a space
  4. By a slash

Explanation

ICAO Annex 7 requires the nationality mark and the registration mark to be separated by a hyphen, for example G-ABCD. Slashes, spaces and asterisks are not the prescribed separator.

Question 48Aircraft documentation, registration, airworthiness, and markings

What is the normal validity period of an Airworthiness Review Certificate (ARC) under EASA Part-M?

  1. 24 months
  2. 12 months Correct answer.
  3. 6 months
  4. 36 months

Explanation

Under EASA Part-M, an Airworthiness Review Certificate is normally valid for one year. It may be extended once by a maximum of two months in specific circumstances, but the standard period is 12 months.

Question 49Aircraft documentation, registration, airworthiness, and markings

After scheduled maintenance has been completed, which document authorises the aircraft to be returned to service?

  1. Airworthiness Review Certificate
  2. Certificate of Registration
  3. Noise certificate
  4. Certificate of Release to Service Correct answer.

Explanation

A Certificate of Release to Service is issued after maintenance to certify that the work has been completed and the aircraft is fit for return to service. Registration and airworthiness review certificates do not authorise release after maintenance.

Question 50Aircraft documentation, registration, airworthiness, and markings

Which document accompanies the aircraft and records defects, maintenance carried out and release to service?

  1. Technical log Correct answer.
  2. Certificate of Registration
  3. Certificate of Airworthiness
  4. Aircraft radio licence

Explanation

The technical log records defects, maintenance carried out and release to service, and it accompanies the aircraft. The Certificate of Registration and radio licence do not record maintenance status.