PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures study guide
PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
Air Law & Operational Procedures is the ground examination that tests whether a candidate can operate a light aeroplane or helicopter inside the regulatory system, not merely fly it. It is aimed at student pilots working toward a Private Pilot Licence, and it is equally useful for holders of national or light-sport licences who want to refresh the rules they actually fly under. The PPL Air Law & Operational Procedures study guide has 8 sections and about 2,616 words.
01International Conventions and the ICAO Framework
The 1944 Convention on International Civil Aviation is the foundation of public air law. Article 1 confirms that each State has complete and exclusive sovereignty over its territorial airspace.
368 words, about 2 min02Personnel Licensing, Medical Fitness and Privileges
Under EASA Part-FCL, a PPL(A) allows the holder to act as PIC or co-pilot in non-commercial operations and to carry passengers, but not for remuneration. Cost-sharing is allowed only when the pilot pays a fair share, the flight is not advertised, and the costs are genuine.
338 words, about 2 min03Aircraft Documentation, Registration, Airworthiness and Markings
An aircraft carries a nationality mark and a registration mark, required by ICAO Annex 7 to be displayed on the aircraft. The certificate of registration identifies the State of registry and the owner or operator.
304 words, about 2 min04Rules of the Air and VFR Flight Rules
SERA and ICAO Annex 2 set VFR minima by airspace and altitude. In general, below 10,000 ft AMSL, flight visibility is 5 km and distance from cloud is 1,500 m horizontally and 1,000 ft vertically.
322 words, about 2 min05Airspace Classification, ATS and Flight Plan Procedures
Classes A-G describe services and clearance requirements, not physical shapes. Class A is IFR-only.
332 words, about 2 min06Aerodromes, Ground Operations and Local Procedures
ICAO Annex 14 and the State AIP define runway markings, taxiway markings, signs and signals. Runway holding position markings protect the runway strip.
310 words, about 2 min07Operational Procedures: Normal, Abnormal and Emergency
Pilot planning must cover mass and balance, performance, fuel and weather. For a non-commercial VFR flight, fuel planning includes taxi fuel, trip fuel, contingency and a final reserve of at least 30 minutes by day.
312 words, about 2 min08Accident and Incident Reporting, Search and Rescue, and Security
Annex 13 defines an accident as an occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft in which a person is killed or seriously injured, the aircraft sustains substantial damage, or the aircraft is missing or inaccessible. An incident is an occurrence, other than an accident, that affects or could affect safety.
330 words, about 2 min