Grade 5 Scholarship Examination flashcards
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- Sinhala hal kirima
- The Sinhala sign ් placed after a consonant to cancel its inherent vowel sound, so ක becomes k rather than ka.
- Tamil uyirmei letters
- In Tamil, uyirmei are compound letters formed by combining one of 12 vowels (uyir) with one of 18 consonants (mei), giving 216 such letters.
- Tamil vowels and consonants
- Tamil has 12 vowels called uyir and 18 consonants called mei; vowels are independent letters, while consonants carry an inherent vowel sound.
- Sinhala sentence order
- Sinhala normally places the verb at the end of a sentence, after the subject and object, giving a Subject–Object–Verb order similar to Tamil.
- Tamil plural suffix
- Many Tamil nouns form the plural by adding the suffix -கள்; for example, மரம் (tree) becomes மரங்கள் (trees) with a linking nasal change.
- Sinhala anusvara
- The Sinhala anusvara ං is a nasal sound written after a vowel; it appears in words such as අං (horn) and never carries a separate vowel.
- Sinhala vowel signs
- Sinhala dependent vowel signs, called pili, are attached to a consonant to change its inherent vowel, as in ක (ka) becoming කි (ki) with the i-pili.
- Tamil sentence order
- Tamil is a Subject–Object–Verb language: the verb comes last, and case suffixes on nouns show grammatical roles instead of strict word order.
- Rectangle area formula
- The area of a rectangle equals length multiplied by breadth; for a 6 cm by 4 cm rectangle the area is 24 square centimetres.
- Triangle area formula
- The area of a triangle is half the base multiplied by the perpendicular height; a triangle with base 10 cm and height 6 cm has area 30 cm².
- Average formula
- Average equals the sum of all values divided by the number of values; the average of 4, 6 and 8 is 18 divided by 3, which is 6.
- Metric length conversions
- 1 kilometre equals 1000 metres, 1 metre equals 100 centimetres, and 1 centimetre equals 10 millimetres; multiply when converting to a smaller unit.
- Time conversion facts
- 1 hour equals 60 minutes, 1 minute equals 60 seconds, and 1 day equals 24 hours; 1:30 p.m. in 24-hour time is 13:30.
- Right angle measure
- A right angle measures 90 degrees, a straight angle measures 180 degrees, and one complete turn measures 360 degrees; a square has four right angles.
- Place value rule
- In a base-ten number each place is ten times the value of the place to its right; in 4,582 the digit 5 stands for 500.
- Fraction common denominator
- To add or subtract fractions with different denominators, first rewrite them as equivalent fractions with a common denominator, then add or subtract the numerators only.
- Photosynthesis inputs
- Green plants make food by photosynthesis, using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and release oxygen; chlorophyll in leaves captures the sunlight.
- Food groups and jobs
- Carbohydrates such as rice give energy, proteins such as fish build and repair the body, and vitamins and minerals in fruits and vegetables help protect against disease.
- Water boiling point
- At normal sea-level air pressure pure water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and freezes at 0 degrees Celsius; at high altitude the boiling point is lower.
- Dengue mosquito breeding
- The Aedes mosquito that spreads dengue breeds in clean standing water, so emptying and covering water containers, tyres and flower pots removes breeding places.
- Three Rs of waste
- The three Rs are reduce, reuse and recycle: reducing means using less, reusing means using an item again, and recycling means making new products from waste.
- Sri Lanka monsoon seasons
- Sri Lanka's southwest monsoon brings rain to the western and southern slopes mainly from May to September, while the northeast monsoon brings rain to the north and east from December to February.
- Sri Lanka administrative levels
- Sri Lanka is divided into 9 provinces and 25 districts; below the district are Divisional Secretariats and then Grama Niladhari divisions, the smallest administrative unit.
- Handwashing rule
- Wash hands with soap and clean water before eating, after using the toilet, and after handling waste; this removes germs and prevents diarrhoea and other infections.
- Sri Lanka official languages
- The official languages of Sri Lanka are Sinhala and Tamil, and English is the link language; the Constitution recognises Sinhala and Tamil as official languages.
- Sri Lanka capital city
- Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital of Sri Lanka, while Colombo is the commercial capital and the largest city.
- National flower of Sri Lanka
- The national flower of Sri Lanka is the blue water lily, known in Sinhala as Nil Manel; it was declared the national flower in 1986.
- National bird of Sri Lanka
- The national bird of Sri Lanka is the Ceylon junglefowl, an endemic bird; the national tree is the Na tree and the national animal is the Sri Lankan elephant.
- Planet order from Sun
- The planets in order from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune; Jupiter is the largest planet.
- Leap year rule
- A leap year has 366 days and an extra day, 29 February; a year divisible by 4 is usually a leap year, but century years must be divisible by 400.
- Direction sense rule
- When you face north, east is on your right, west on your left and south behind; turning clockwise from north goes to east, south, west and back to north.
- Odd one out method
- For odd-one-out questions, name the shared property of most items and find the item that lacks it; for example, among dog, cat, cow and table, table is not a living animal.