Sri Lanka Licensed Surveyor Exam flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Parcel boundary
- The legally recognized line separating adjacent land parcels, established by original survey monuments, natural features, and the approved cadastral plan rather than by deed area alone.
- Coordinate area formula
- A method for computing a closed parcel's area from coordinates: twice the area equals the absolute sum of cross products x_i y_{i+1} minus x_{i+1} y_i around the boundary.
- Boundary monument
- A physical mark, such as a concrete post or iron pin, placed at a parcel corner to evidence the boundary location; its identity and condition affect boundary weight.
- Geoid
- An equipotential surface of Earth's gravity field that approximates mean sea level and serves as the reference for orthometric heights; it is not a regular ellipsoid.
- Orthometric height
- The height of a point above the geoid, measured along the gravity vertical; it is obtained from GNSS ellipsoidal height by subtracting geoid separation.
- Kandawala datum
- Sri Lanka's legacy geodetic datum used for national mapping, referenced to the Everest 1830 ellipsoid; coordinates must be transformed before combining with modern geocentric GNSS data.
- Sri Lanka Datum 1999
- Sri Lanka Datum 1999, a geocentric datum aligned with ITRF-class coordinates and adopted to support GNSS positioning and modern national mapping in Sri Lanka.
- Departure
- The east-west component of a survey line, computed as distance times the sine of azimuth measured from north; the sum of departures closes a traverse.
- Inverse computation
- The computation of distance and azimuth between two points from their coordinate differences, using Pythagoras for distance and atan2 for bearing.
- Bowditch rule
- A traverse adjustment rule that distributes latitude and departure misclosure in proportion to each leg's length, commonly used for compass-rule adjustment.
- Least-squares adjustment
- An estimation method that minimizes the weighted sum of squared residuals to determine unknown coordinates and parameters from redundant observations.
- Registration of Title Act
- Sri Lanka's Act No. 21 of 1998, which establishes title registration in which the register, rather than the chain of deeds, is the primary evidence of ownership.
- Prescription Ordinance
- Sri Lanka's Prescription Ordinance No. 22 of 1871, which permits acquisition of land rights by adverse possession after the statutory period, commonly ten years, subject to legal conditions.
- Survey Act No. 17
- Sri Lanka's Survey Act No. 17 of 2002, which provides for the Surveyor General, licensing of surveyors, survey standards, and the legal framework for cadastral surveys.
- Fixed boundary
- A boundary whose location is determined by survey monuments and coordinates, rather than by general topographic features, and is legally fixed by the survey record.
- RTK fixed solution
- A GNSS relative positioning result in which carrier-phase integer ambiguities are resolved, giving centimetre-level accuracy; it must be distinguished from a float solution.
- PDOP
- Position dilution of precision, a measure of satellite geometry strength; lower PDOP indicates better geometry and generally smaller position uncertainty.
- Setting out
- The survey process of transferring design positions, levels, and alignments from plans to the ground using control points and verified measurements.
- Vertical curve K value
- The length of vertical curve per one percent change in grade, computed as K = L/A; larger K gives a gentler rate of grade change.
- Contour interval
- The vertical distance between adjacent contour lines on a topographic map, selected from map scale, relief, and intended use.
- Breakline
- A line in a terrain model that constrains triangle edges along ridges, channels, embankments, or other abrupt changes in slope.
- Map scale
- The ratio of map distance to corresponding ground distance, often expressed as a representative fraction such as 1:10,000.
- Grid convergence
- The angle between grid north and true north at a point, approximately Δλ sin φ for a Transverse Mercator projection; used to reduce azimuths.
- Ground sample distance
- The ground footprint of one image pixel, computed as pixel size times flying height divided by focal length; it expresses photogrammetric resolution.
- LiDAR point cloud
- A set of three-dimensional points with x, y, z coordinates and attributes produced by laser scanning; classification separates ground, vegetation, and structures.
- Cadastre
- A parcel-based land record showing boundaries, identifiers, and sometimes rights and values, used for land management, taxation, and planning.
- Bim Saviya
- Sri Lanka's national land title registration programme, implemented under the Registration of Title Act, converting deed-based records into registered title linked to parcel maps.
- LADM
- The Land Administration Domain Model, ISO 19152, which defines parties, rights, responsibilities, restrictions, and spatial units for land administration systems.
- Conflict of interest
- A situation in which a surveyor's personal, financial, or other interest could improperly influence professional judgment; it must be disclosed and managed.
- Professional negligence
- Failure by a surveyor to exercise the care and skill of a reasonably competent professional, resulting in loss or damage to a client or third party.
- Chart datum
- The low-water reference surface to which charted depths and drying heights are reduced, chosen so that most depths are positive.
- Sounding reduction
- The process of correcting observed depths for tide height and instrument draft to produce depths relative to chart datum, with consistent sign conventions.