LGCSE Travel and Tourism (0194) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Usual environment

The area outside a person's home, workplace and regular routine. Travel within it is not tourism; travel beyond it, for under a year and not for employment, counts as a visit.

Inbound tourism

Visitors arriving in a destination country from abroad. Their spending is an invisible export for the host economy and a source of foreign currency earnings.

Tourism leakage

The proportion of tourist spending that leaves the destination economy through imported supplies, foreign-owned businesses or repatriated profits, reducing the net local benefit of tourism.

Multiplier effect

The process by which tourist spending generates further income as recipients re-spend it locally. It is larger when more goods and services are sourced within the destination.

Package tour

A combination of at least two travel services (such as transport and accommodation) sold at an inclusive price for a single trip, assembled by a tour operator who bears responsibility for delivery.

Charter flight

Aircraft seats contracted in bulk by a tour operator for a season. The operator carries the risk of unsold seats, unlike a scheduled airline selling seat by seat.

Travel agent

An intermediary that advises customers and makes bookings on behalf of principals such as airlines, hotels and tour operators, usually earning commission or fees rather than taking principal risk.

RevPAR

Revenue per available room, calculated as average room rate multiplied by occupancy percentage. It combines price and occupancy into one measure of accommodation performance.

Moment of truth

Any point of contact where a customer forms a judgement about the service provider, such as check-in, a greeting or complaint handling. Each one shapes overall perception.

Service recovery

The actions taken to resolve a service failure and restore customer satisfaction. Handled well, it can create stronger loyalty than a problem-free experience.

SERVQUAL reliability

The service quality dimension meaning doing what was promised, accurately and first time. It is consistently rated the most important dimension by customers across service industries.

Inclusive customer service

Designing service so all customers can use it, including step-free access, clear signage, dietary provision, language support and respect for religious and cultural needs.

Carrying capacity

The maximum visitor use a site can absorb before unacceptable physical, ecological or social deterioration occurs. Exceeding it produces crowding, erosion and resident hostility.

Demonstration effect

The process by which local residents adopt the lifestyles, consumption patterns and behaviour of visitors, potentially eroding traditional culture and values over time.

Overtourism

A situation where visitor numbers exceed the infrastructure and social tolerance of a destination, producing congestion, housing pressure, litter and resident opposition to tourism.

Honeypot site

A location attracting large concentrations of visitors because of a specific attraction. It suffers pressure such as erosion, traffic and litter, requiring active visitor management.

Sustainable tourism

Tourism that meets present visitor and host needs while protecting opportunities for the future, balancing economic viability, social equity and environmental protection.

Ecotourism

Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment, sustains local community well-being and includes interpretation and education for visitors.

Greenwashing

Environmental marketing that overstates or invents green credentials. Credible claims are specific, measurable and verified independently rather than vague and self-awarded.

Carbon offsetting

Paying for emission reductions elsewhere to compensate for travel emissions. It does not eliminate the emissions produced, so it supplements reduction rather than replacing it.

Community-based tourism

Tourism owned and managed with community control and decision-making, so that income, employment and benefits remain local and culture is represented by residents themselves.

Marketing mix for services

The 4Ps of product, price, place and promotion extended by people, process and physical evidence, because services are delivered by staff in a visible environment.

Market segmentation

Dividing a market into groups with similar characteristics, such as demographic, geographic, psychographic or behavioural, so that marketing can be targeted effectively.

AIDA model

A promotion model describing stages from attention to interest, desire and action. Different media are chosen to move customers through each stage towards booking.

Dynamic pricing

Adjusting prices in response to demand, season and remaining capacity. Common in airlines and hotels, it requires clear communication to avoid customer perceptions of unfairness.

Global distribution system

A computerised network used by travel agents to search and book seats, rooms and car hire across many suppliers at once, linking principals with the trade.

Break-even output

Fixed costs divided by the difference between selling price per unit and variable cost per unit. It shows the number of sales needed before a profit is made.

Cash flow versus profit

Profit is revenue minus costs over a period; cash flow is the timing of money actually received and paid. A profitable business can still fail through poor cash flow.

SMART objectives

Objectives that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound, giving a tourism business clear targets against which performance can be reviewed.

Duty of care

The legal and moral obligation of tourism operators to take reasonable steps to protect customers from foreseeable harm, through risk assessment, safety procedures and insurance.

Passport validity rule

Many destinations require a passport valid for at least six months beyond the planned return date, plus blank pages and proof of onward travel, before entry is allowed.

Map scale

The ratio between distance on a map and distance on the ground, such as 1:50,000. It is used to estimate journey distance and judge whether a route is feasible.