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LGCSE Travel and Tourism (0194) study materials
LGCSE Travel and Tourism (0194) study resources

LGCSE Travel and Tourism (0194) practice questions

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Question 1Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which term describes the movement of people away from their usual place of residence for leisure, business or other purposes for less than one year?

  1. Emigration
  2. Commuting
  3. Migration
  4. Tourism Correct answer.

Explanation

Tourism is defined by temporary travel and stay outside the usual environment for less than a year, with purposes such as leisure, business or visiting friends and relatives. It is distinguished from longer-term relocation and from daily travel to work.

Question 2Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A visitor who stays overnight in a hotel in another city is best described as which of the following?

  1. A resident
  2. An excursionist
  3. A tourist Correct answer.
  4. A same-day visitor

Explanation

A tourist is a visitor who stays at least one night in a destination outside their usual environment. Same-day visitors without an overnight stay are excursionists, and residents are people living in the destination.

Question 3Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following is an example of an invisible export in travel and tourism?

  1. A resort buying imported furniture
  2. Airlines selling aircraft to a foreign carrier
  3. A hotel in one country welcoming foreign guests who pay for rooms Correct answer.
  4. A tour operator importing coaches from abroad

Explanation

Invisible exports are services sold to overseas consumers, so foreign guests paying for accommodation generate foreign currency earnings without a physical good leaving the country. Buying imported goods or equipment represents imports instead.

Question 4Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which group is normally excluded from official tourism statistics when measuring international tourist arrivals?

  1. Business travellers attending a conference
  2. Holidaymakers staying two weeks
  3. Students on a short language course
  4. Diplomats travelling to a foreign posting Correct answer.

Explanation

International tourism statistics generally exclude diplomats and military personnel on official duty, as well as refugees and migrants, because their travel is not considered tourism. Leisure, business and short study trips are included.

Question 5Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which factor most directly explains the rapid growth of international tourism after the 1950s?

  1. Decline in air transport capacity
  2. Rising cost of long-distance travel
  3. Reduction in international trade
  4. Growth of paid holiday entitlement and rising disposable incomes Correct answer.

Explanation

Post-war growth in disposable income, paid holidays and affordable jet travel gave more people the time and money to travel. Rising travel costs or reduced capacity would slow growth rather than drive it.

Question 6Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A country earns more from inbound visitors than its residents spend travelling abroad. This situation is described as which of the following?

  1. A tourism trade surplus Correct answer.
  2. A tourism multiplier
  3. A balance of payments deficit
  4. A tourism trade deficit

Explanation

When inbound tourism receipts exceed outbound tourism spending, the country records a tourism trade surplus, which contributes positively to the balance of payments. A deficit occurs when the reverse is true.

Question 7Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which is the best example of the tourism multiplier effect in a destination economy?

  1. A hotel buys local vegetables, so farmers spend their income in nearby shops Correct answer.
  2. A hotel's foreign guests pay their room bill by card
  3. A tour operator advertises in an overseas magazine
  4. A visitor takes a taxi from the airport to the hotel

Explanation

The multiplier effect occurs when tourism spending is re-spent within the local economy, creating further income and jobs. When a hotel buys from local suppliers and those businesses spend their earnings locally, the initial tourist spend circulates again.

Question 8Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following is a direct economic benefit of tourism to a destination?

  1. Preservation of local crafts
  2. Increased cultural understanding
  3. Creation of jobs in hotels and restaurants Correct answer.
  4. Improved international reputation

Explanation

Direct economic benefits are measurable financial gains such as employment and income in tourism businesses. Reputation, craft preservation and cultural understanding are socio-cultural benefits rather than direct economic ones.

Question 9Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following is a likely economic disadvantage of heavy dependence on tourism for a small island state?

  1. Reduced seasonal fluctuation in jobs
  2. Greater vulnerability to downturns in source markets Correct answer.
  3. A wider range of local employment
  4. Lower reliance on imported goods

Explanation

Over-dependence on tourism makes an economy vulnerable to external shocks such as recessions, pandemics or security incidents in source markets. Such shocks reduce arrivals and quickly affect income and jobs.

Question 10Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Money that leaves a destination economy because a hotel imports food and hires foreign managers is known as which of the following?

  1. Multiplier
  2. Yield
  3. Occupancy
  4. Leakage Correct answer.

Explanation

Leakage is the portion of tourism revenue that leaves the local economy through imports, foreign-owned profits or overseas payments. High leakage reduces the net benefit of tourism to the host area.

Question 11Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following best describes a socio-cultural cost of tourism in a destination?

  1. Growth in airport capacity
  2. Higher hotel occupancy rates
  3. Increase in foreign currency earnings
  4. Loss of local traditions through commercialisation of festivals Correct answer.

Explanation

Socio-cultural costs concern the effects on communities, such as the commodification of festivals or erosion of local customs. Foreign currency earnings, airport capacity and occupancy are economic or infrastructure matters.

Question 12Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which environmental impact is most commonly associated with mass tourism in coastal areas?

  1. Decrease in waste generation
  2. Damage to coral reefs from diving and anchoring Correct answer.
  3. Reduction in water use
  4. Lower demand for local seafood

Explanation

Mass coastal tourism can damage reefs through anchoring, diving pressure and pollution, while also increasing water use and waste. The other options describe reductions that tourism does not typically cause.

Question 13Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which type of tourism is designed specifically to minimise negative environmental and social impacts while benefiting host communities?

  1. Business tourism
  2. Sustainable tourism Correct answer.
  3. Enclave tourism
  4. Mass tourism

Explanation

Sustainable tourism aims to balance economic, social and environmental benefits while limiting harm, often involving local participation and resource conservation. Mass and enclave tourism are usually associated with concentrated, less sustainable development.

Question 14Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A tour operator offering packages that include flights, transfers and accommodation for one inclusive price is selling which of the following?

  1. A package holiday Correct answer.
  2. A same-day excursion
  3. A business trip
  4. An independent traveller itinerary

Explanation

A package holiday combines two or more elements such as transport and accommodation into one price. It is typical of tour operators rather than independent travellers, and it involves an overnight stay.

Question 15Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which sector of the travel and tourism industry provides the transport link between a visitor's home and the destination?

  1. Tourist information sector
  2. Accommodation sector
  3. Passenger transport sector Correct answer.
  4. Tourist attraction sector

Explanation

The passenger transport sector moves travellers between origins and destinations by air, rail, road or sea. Accommodation provides lodging, attractions provide things to see and do, and information services advise visitors.

Question 16Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which organisation is an example of a national tourism organisation (NTO)?

  1. A regional airline
  2. A private hotel chain
  3. A local bus company
  4. A country's official tourism promotion board Correct answer.

Explanation

A national tourism organisation is a government body responsible for promoting a country as a destination and coordinating tourism policy. Airlines, hotel chains and bus companies are commercial operators.

Question 17Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following best describes the role of a destination management organisation (DMO)?

  1. Setting international air routes
  2. Coordinating marketing, development and visitor management for a destination Correct answer.
  3. Operating a single hotel property
  4. Manufacturing aircraft

Explanation

A destination management organisation coordinates promotion, product development and visitor management for a defined area. It does not operate individual hotels, manufacture aircraft or directly determine international routes.

Question 18Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which factor is most likely to increase the seasonality of demand at a beach resort?

  1. Year-round conference facilities
  2. Reliable all-weather transport links
  3. Climate with a short dry, sunny period Correct answer.
  4. A wide range of indoor attractions

Explanation

Seasonality is driven by factors such as climate, school holidays and events. A short favourable climate window concentrates demand into a few months, while indoor attractions and conference facilities spread demand across the year.

Question 19Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following is a push factor influencing a person's decision to travel?

  1. A famous museum at the destination
  2. A desire to escape routine and relax Correct answer.
  3. Attractive beaches at the destination
  4. Low airfares to the destination

Explanation

Push factors are internal motivations such as the need to relax, escape routine or socialise. Pull factors are destination attributes such as beaches, low fares or famous attractions that attract the traveller.

Question 20Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A major international sporting event is hosted by a city. Which is the most likely short-term effect on its tourism sector?

  1. A temporary rise in visitor numbers and accommodation demand Correct answer.
  2. A permanent fall in hotel prices
  3. A reduction in transport capacity
  4. A lasting decline in international arrivals

Explanation

Mega-events typically create a short-term surge in arrivals and room demand, often pushing up prices during the event. Any longer-term effect depends on legacy investment and image benefits, which are not guaranteed.

Question 21Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following best explains why tourism is described as a labour-intensive industry?

  1. It depends mainly on automated systems
  2. It relies heavily on personal service from staff Correct answer.
  3. It requires large amounts of machinery
  4. It uses few employees per customer

Explanation

Tourism involves many face-to-face services such as hotel reception, guiding and food service, so it employs a high ratio of staff to customers. This makes labour a major cost and a major source of employment.

Question 22Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which of the following is an example of domestic tourism?

  1. A resident travelling to a coastal town in the same country for a holiday Correct answer.
  2. A family from one country visiting relatives in a neighbouring country
  3. A businessperson flying to another continent for a conference
  4. A student taking a gap year abroad

Explanation

Domestic tourism involves residents travelling within their own country. Travel across an international border, for whatever purpose, counts as international tourism.

Question 23Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which trend has most changed how travellers research and book holidays in recent decades?

  1. Growth of online booking platforms and mobile internet Correct answer.
  2. Reduction in the number of airlines
  3. Fall in the use of credit cards
  4. Decline in internet access worldwide

Explanation

Online booking platforms, review sites and mobile internet have shifted research and purchasing from high-street agents to direct digital channels. This has increased price transparency and changed the role of traditional travel agents.

Question 24Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A destination wants to reduce leakage from its tourism industry. Which strategy is most appropriate?

  1. Increasing imports of hotel furniture
  2. Paying foreign owners larger dividends
  3. Hiring all managers from overseas
  4. Encouraging hotels to source food and staff locally Correct answer.

Explanation

Leakage falls when tourism businesses buy goods and services locally and employ local people, so income stays in the economy. Importing goods, using foreign managers or remitting profits abroad all increase leakage.

Question 25Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which statement best explains why tourism can be described as a fragile industry?

  1. It is unaffected by exchange rates
  2. It requires no infrastructure investment
  3. It never depends on weather or climate
  4. Demand is sensitive to external shocks such as disease, conflict and economic recession Correct answer.

Explanation

Tourism demand is discretionary and highly sensitive to events such as pandemics, terrorism, political instability and recessions, which can cause sudden falls in arrivals. This dependence on external conditions makes the industry fragile.

Question 26Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A visitor from Japan flies to Italy, stays three nights in Rome and visits museums there. For Italy's tourism statistics, this visitor is classified as which type of tourist?

  1. An outbound international tourist
  2. An inbound international tourist Correct answer.
  3. A same-day excursionist
  4. A domestic tourist

Explanation

Tourism statistics classify visitors by the country being measured. A visitor arriving from abroad and staying at least one night is an inbound (incoming) international tourist for Italy. Domestic tourism covers residents travelling within their own country, and excursionists do not stay overnight.

Question 27Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which statement best explains why tourism is often described as an invisible export for a destination country?

  1. The industry relies on digital booking systems that leave no paper record
  2. Services such as accommodation and guiding are consumed in the destination by foreign visitors, earning foreign currency without goods being shipped Correct answer.
  3. Tourism earnings are excluded from national accounts because they are seasonal
  4. Tourists rarely spend money in the destination, so their impact cannot be measured

Explanation

An export normally means goods sold abroad, but in tourism the foreign consumer comes to the product. The destination sells services on its own soil and receives foreign currency, so the earnings count as an export of services even though nothing physical crosses the border.

Question 28Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

Which group of businesses belongs to the travel and tourism industry's accommodation sector?

  1. Airlines and cruise lines
  2. Travel agencies and tour operators
  3. Hotels, guesthouses and holiday campsites Correct answer.
  4. Museums and theme parks

Explanation

The accommodation sector covers businesses whose main purpose is providing paid overnight lodging, including hotels, guesthouses and campsites. Travel agencies are intermediaries, airlines are transport providers, and museums and theme parks are visitor attractions.

Question 29Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A seaside town's hotels, restaurants and taxi firms all report rising income after a new budget airline route brings more visitors. Which concept does this pattern best illustrate?

  1. The tourism multiplier effect Correct answer.
  2. Seasonality of tourism demand
  3. The balance of payments deficit
  4. Leakage of tourism spending abroad

Explanation

When visitor spending is re-spent by businesses and employees within the local economy, the total income generated exceeds the original expenditure. This successive re-spending is the tourism multiplier effect. Leakage and seasonality describe losses and timing of demand, not the spread of income.

Question 30Travel and tourism in perspective: the nature, scale and importance of the industry

A small island state decides to measure tourism's contribution to its economy using Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) methodology rather than simply counting arrivals. Which is the main advantage of this approach?

  1. It measures the industry's direct contribution to GDP and employment in a way comparable with other economic sectors Correct answer.
  2. It replaces the need for a national tourism organisation
  3. It records only foreign visitors, so domestic tourism spending is excluded
  4. It predicts future visitor numbers more accurately than any forecasting model

Explanation

A Tourism Satellite Account links tourism expenditure to standard national accounts, so the direct value added and jobs attributable to tourism can be compared with other sectors. Arrival counts alone say nothing about economic value, and a TSA does not exclude domestic visitors or replace tourism organisations.

Question 31The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which term describes a business that combines flights, accommodation and transfers into a single package sold at one inclusive price?

  1. Ancillary supplier
  2. Tour operator Correct answer.
  3. Travel agency
  4. Destination management organisation

Explanation

A tour operator builds the package itself by contracting separate suppliers and selling the combined product at one inclusive price. Travel agencies mainly retail products built by others, while ancillary suppliers provide single add-on services such as car hire or insurance.

Question 32The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A hotel, an airline and a car rental firm each sell separately, but a tourist can buy all three for one trip. Which concept best describes this relationship within the travel and tourism industry?

  1. Market segmentation
  2. Vertical integration
  3. Deseasonalisation
  4. Interdependence of components Correct answer.

Explanation

The components are interdependent because the tourist's complete trip depends on several suppliers working together, and each supplier benefits from demand generated by the others. Vertical integration instead means one company owning several stages of the chain.

Question 33The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which organisation is best described as a National Tourism Organisation (NTO)?

  1. A local council office that empties bins in a seaside resort
  2. A country's official body responsible for promoting tourism and coordinating policy nationally Correct answer.
  3. A trade union representing hotel kitchen staff
  4. A private airline that operates domestic shuttle routes

Explanation

An NTO is the official national body that markets the country as a destination and coordinates tourism policy, often working with government and industry. Local councils, private airlines and trade unions have narrower or different roles.

Question 34The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which of the following is an example of a support service in the travel and tourism industry?

  1. Luxury resort hotel
  2. Guided city walking tour
  3. Travel insurance provider Correct answer.
  4. Long-haul airline

Explanation

Support services such as insurance, currency exchange and tourist information enable or protect a trip without being the trip's main attraction. Hotels, airlines and guided tours are direct tourism providers that deliver the core experience.

Question 35The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which type of accommodation is most closely associated with providing budget beds in shared dormitories plus communal self-catering kitchens?

  1. Hostel Correct answer.
  2. Guesthouse
  3. Serviced apartment
  4. Resort hotel

Explanation

Hostels are designed around shared dormitory rooms and communal facilities such as self-catering kitchens, which keeps prices low for budget travellers. Resort hotels, serviced apartments and guesthouses typically offer private rooms with more services.

Question 36The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which document is issued by a national government to certify a traveller's identity and nationality for international travel?

  1. Hotel voucher
  2. Passport Correct answer.
  3. Travel insurance certificate
  4. Boarding pass

Explanation

A passport is the official government-issued document confirming identity and nationality and is required for most international travel. Boarding passes, insurance certificates and hotel vouchers are trip documents but do not certify nationality.

Question 37The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A visitor travels from Germany to Spain, stays eight nights and spends money on hotels, meals and excursions. For Spain, this visitor is best classified as:

  1. An inbound tourist Correct answer.
  2. An outbound tourist
  3. A transit passenger
  4. A domestic tourist

Explanation

Inbound tourism refers to visitors arriving in a destination country from abroad, so the German visitor is inbound for Spain. Outbound describes leaving one's own country, domestic means travelling within one's own country, and transit passengers do not stay overnight.

Question 38The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which of the following best describes the role of a Global Distribution System (GDS) such as Amadeus or Sabre?

  1. It sets passport and visa rules for member countries
  2. It regulates airline safety standards worldwide
  3. It owns and operates the aircraft used by airlines
  4. It lets travel agents search and book seats, rooms and cars from many suppliers in one system Correct answer.

Explanation

A GDS is a computerised reservation platform that aggregates inventory from many airlines, hotels and car firms so agents can compare and book in one place. It does not make government rules, own aircraft or regulate safety.

Question 39The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A tour operator's aircraft is delayed for twelve hours, so the transfer coach and first-night hotel are not used. Which component of the package has failed first, creating knock-on effects on the others?

  1. Accommodation
  2. Catering
  3. Attraction
  4. Transport Correct answer.

Explanation

The flight is the transport element, and its delay cascades into the transfer and accommodation arrangements, showing how tightly package components are linked. The other components have not caused the problem but are affected by it.

Question 40The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which change in the distribution chain has most reduced the need for customers to visit a high-street travel agency?

  1. Expansion of airport check-in desks
  2. Rise in the number of tour guides
  3. Growth of direct online booking through supplier websites and apps Correct answer.
  4. Increase in the number of printed brochures

Explanation

Direct online booking lets customers research and buy flights, rooms and packages themselves, bypassing the traditional retail agency. Printed brochures, check-in desks and tour guides do not replace the agency's selling function in the same way.

Question 41The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A seaside resort has very high demand in July and August and very low demand in January. Which strategy is a destination management organisation most likely to use to address this imbalance?

  1. Closing all hotels during the winter
  2. Restricting marketing to the peak summer season
  3. Promoting conferences, festivals and short breaks in the shoulder and winter months Correct answer.
  4. Raising prices sharply in July and August

Explanation

Deseasonalisation aims to spread demand by attracting business events, festivals and short breaks outside the peak, supporting year-round employment and income. Raising peak prices or closing hotels worsens the imbalance rather than reducing it.

Question 42The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Why does a hotel in a remote mountain area depend heavily on local transport providers?

  1. Transport companies set the hotel's room rates
  2. Guests cannot reach the hotel without road, rail or transfer services, so poor access reduces bookings Correct answer.
  3. Hotels are legally required to own a bus company
  4. Transport providers pay the hotel's staff wages

Explanation

In remote locations the hotel's market depends on guests being able to arrive, so reliable access is essential to occupancy and revenue. Transport firms do not pay hotel wages, set room rates or have to be owned by hotels.

Question 43The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which pair correctly matches a sector with a typical private-sector travel and tourism organisation?

  1. Voluntary sector - a national tourist board
  2. Public sector - a privately owned theme park
  3. Public sector - a commercial budget airline
  4. Accommodation sector - a family-run guesthouse Correct answer.

Explanation

A family-run guesthouse is privately owned and profit-seeking, so it belongs to the private sector's accommodation provision. Budget airlines and theme parks are also private businesses, while tourist boards are public bodies.

Question 44The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A cruise line buys a chain of port excursion companies so that it controls the tours sold to its passengers. This is an example of:

  1. Franchising
  2. Outsourcing
  3. Horizontal integration
  4. Vertical integration Correct answer.

Explanation

Vertical integration occurs when a firm acquires a business at a different stage of the same supply chain, here moving from cruise transport into excursion provision. Horizontal integration would mean merging with another cruise line at the same stage.

Question 45The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which factor best explains why airlines, hotels and attractions in one destination often cooperate in joint marketing campaigns?

  1. Cooperation removes all competition between them permanently
  2. Cooperation allows them to avoid paying local taxes
  3. A stronger destination image increases total visitor numbers that all of them can share Correct answer.
  4. Joint campaigns are required by international law

Explanation

Joint promotion builds a destination brand that attracts more visitors overall, and the extra demand benefits each cooperating business. Cooperation does not eliminate competition, is not legally compulsory and has nothing to do with tax avoidance.

Question 46The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A travel agency specialises in selling packages to customers aged over 60 who want escorted cultural tours. Which term describes this group of customers?

  1. A destination management organisation
  2. A market segment Correct answer.
  3. A distribution channel
  4. An ancillary service

Explanation

A market segment is a group of customers with shared characteristics and needs, such as older travellers seeking escorted cultural tours. Distribution channels, ancillary services and DMOs are industry structures, not customer groups.

Question 47The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which statement best explains the role of tourism in generating indirect employment in a destination?

  1. Airlines employ pilots and cabin crew
  2. Tourists pay visa fees at the border
  3. Visitor spending supports suppliers such as farms and laundries, which then hire additional staff Correct answer.
  4. Hotels directly employ receptionists and housekeepers

Explanation

Indirect employment arises in the supply chain when tourism demand leads farms, laundries and builders to take on more workers. Direct employment covers staff employed by tourism businesses themselves, such as hotel receptionists or airline crew.

Question 48The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A low-cost airline decides to start flying to a small coastal town. Which is the most likely immediate effect on the town's tourism industry?

  1. Closure of local hotels due to reduced access
  2. A permanent end to seasonality in the town
  3. An immediate fall in demand from overseas visitors
  4. Increased visitor numbers and new business for local accommodation and attractions Correct answer.

Explanation

Improved air access lowers travel costs and journey times, so more visitors can arrive and local accommodation and attractions gain business. Seasonality and other structural issues usually persist, so the effect is not immediate decline or a permanent end to seasonality.

Question 49The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

Which organisation type is a Destination Management Organisation (DMO) most likely to be?

  1. A commercial airline alliance
  2. A single hotel chain operating nationwide
  3. A partnership body coordinating marketing, events and visitor services for a specific area Correct answer.
  4. A charity that funds medical research

Explanation

A DMO coordinates the promotion, management and development of tourism in a defined destination, often through partnerships between public and private stakeholders. Hotel chains, airline alliances and medical charities have separate commercial or charitable purposes.

Question 50The travel and tourism industry: components and interrelationships

A package holiday fails because the hotel is overbooked and the guest is moved to a much poorer property. Which feature of package travel regulation is most relevant to the customer's protection?

  1. The organiser remains responsible for the proper performance of the contracted package Correct answer.
  2. The airline becomes responsible for all accommodation faults
  3. The customer must claim directly from the hotel only
  4. The customer has no legal remedy once the first night is spent

Explanation

Package travel rules make the organiser accountable for the performance of the whole package, so the customer can seek redress from the company that sold it. The customer is not forced to pursue the hotel alone, and the airline is not responsible for hotel faults.