Citizenship Romanian Language Exam key terms

A formal written request addressed to an institution, asking for a document, a benefit, or an official action. It usually states the applicant's data, the reason, and the legal basis.

An official paper that confirms a fact about a person, such as employment, residence, or income. It is issued by an institution and is often required as supporting evidence in a file.

The complete set of documents submitted together for one administrative procedure. It typically includes the application form, identity papers, and supporting certificates, arranged in the order the office requires.

A fixed date or period by which an action must be completed, such as submitting a file or appealing a decision. Missing it can close the procedure or cause a fine.

The published hours when a public office receives citizens in person. Knowing it prevents wasted trips and helps a candidate plan appointments for submitting or collecting documents.

A person employed by a state or local institution who carries out administrative tasks under the law. This person receives applications, checks files, and issues official replies on behalf of the office.

The elected and administrative bodies of a city or county, such as the town hall and local council. They handle residence records, local taxes, permits, and many everyday civil matters.

The local government office of a town or city. Citizens go there for civil status records, residence registration, local permits, and certificates needed for many other procedures.

The official record of a person's key life events, including birth, marriage, divorce, and death. The local civil status office keeps these records and issues certificates proving them.

The official document recording a person's birth, parents, and place and date of birth. It is a basic identity paper requested in almost every administrative procedure.

The identity document issued to Romanian citizens, showing name, address, and personal numeric code. Adults must carry it and present it when dealing with institutions or authorities.

The personal numeric code that uniquely identifies each person in Romanian records. It encodes birth date, sex, and region, and appears on identity papers and official forms.

A printed or online sheet with blank fields to be completed with personal data or declarations. Filling it correctly and legibly is often the first step of any administrative request.

The official address where a person permanently lives, registered with the authorities. It determines which town hall, tax office, and services a person belongs to.

The legal bond between a person and a state, giving rights such as voting and protection, and duties such as obeying the law. Acquiring it usually requires residence, language, and civic knowledge.

The solemn promise of loyalty to the country and its laws taken when becoming a citizen. It marks the final step of the naturalization procedure before the certificate is issued.

The fundamental law of the country that sets the structure of the state, the rights and duties of citizens, and the limits of public power. All other laws must respect it.

The basic freedoms guaranteed to every person by the constitution, such as expression, education, and a fair trial. They can be limited only in the cases and forms the law provides.

The duties a citizen owes the state and community, such as respecting the law, paying taxes, and defending the country. They balance the rights that citizenship grants.

The process by which citizens choose their representatives by voting. Local and parliamentary elections are held at regular intervals, and voting is a central civic right.

The formal expression of a citizen's choice in an election or referendum. It is personal, free, and secret, and it is cast at a polling station after identity is checked.

A compulsory payment to the state or local budget, calculated from income, property, or transactions. Paying it on time is a legal duty and late payment adds penalties.

A form in which a taxpayer reports income, property, or other taxable facts to the tax office. It must be filed within the legal deadline and signed under personal responsibility.

An appointment booked in advance for a service at an office or clinic. Online booking systems are common, and arriving on time with the required papers is expected.

A short public notice informing people about a decision, an event, or a change in rules. Official announcements are posted at the institution and on its website.

An official statement issued by an institution to inform the public about a decision or situation. It is written in formal style and often summarised in the news.

The formal exchange of information between an institution and a citizen, using standard written forms and polite formulas. Understanding its conventions helps a candidate read letters and notices accurately.

A letter written to an institution or an unknown recipient, following fixed conventions of address, greeting, and closing. It avoids contractions and colloquial words and states its purpose early.

The conventional phrase used to begin or end a formal message, such as the polite opening to an institution or the respectful closing before a signature. Choosing the right one signals register.

A written request asking an authority to review its own decision, usually within a short deadline. It must state the reasons and is often a required step before going to court.

A formal challenge against a decision, a grade, or a result, submitted to the body that issued it or to a higher one. It must respect the deadline and give grounds.

A word with a meaning close to another word, such as the pairs used in vocabulary exercises. Recognising them helps in reading tasks where the text paraphrases an idea.

A word whose meaning is opposite to another, such as the contrast between open and closed. Antonym questions test whether a candidate understands a word's precise sense.

A word formed from a base word by adding a prefix or suffix, changing its meaning or part of speech. Recognising the base helps guess unfamiliar words in reading passages.

The literal, basic meaning of a word, as opposed to a figurative use. Distinguishing literal from figurative sense is a common item type in vocabulary sections.

The matching of grammatical features between words, such as adjective with noun in gender, number, and case, or verb with subject in person and number. Errors here are frequent in writing tasks.

The category of nouns as masculine, feminine, or neuter in Romanian. It controls the form of adjectives and articles, and neuter nouns behave masculine in the singular and feminine in the plural.

The definite article attached to the end of a Romanian noun, such as the ending that marks a known or previously mentioned object. Its form depends on the noun's gender, number, and case.

The set of forms a verb takes for person, number, tense, and mood. Romanian verbs are grouped into conjugation classes, and irregular forms appear often in everyday texts.

The grammatical category that places an action in time, such as present, past, or future. Romanian also distinguishes completed from ongoing past actions, which matters in narrative reading.

The central point a text makes, which the other sentences support or illustrate. Identifying it quickly is the key skill for multiple-choice questions about a passage.

A term in a text that carries the main information and helps locate the answer to a question. Scanning for key words is faster than reading every sentence in detail.

A short restatement of a text's main points in the reader's own words. Producing one shows real comprehension and is often required in writing tasks.

A direction telling the reader what to do, found in forms, signs, and exercise rubrics. Missing a word such as a negation can reverse the meaning and lead to a wrong answer.

The rise and fall of the voice in speech, which can turn a statement into a question or signal surprise. In listening tasks it often carries meaning beyond the words themselves.

The stress placed on a syllable in a spoken word, which in Romanian can change meaning between otherwise identical words. Careful listening helps distinguish such pairs.

The way words are articulated in speech, including individual sounds and their combinations. Clear pronunciation is scored in the speaking test and aids comprehension in listening.

A conversation between two or more speakers, common in listening recordings set in offices, shops, or clinics. Tracking who says what is essential to answer the questions.

A spoken passage delivered by one person, such as an announcement or a short talk. Listeners must follow its structure and note specific details like times and numbers.

The speaking part of the exam, where the candidate talks about a topic or reacts to a situation. Fluency, correct grammar, and appropriate vocabulary are assessed together.

The writing part of the exam, requiring a short formal or informal text on a given task. Clear structure, correct grammar, and suitable register earn the marks.