Framing, Carpentry, and Structural Systems
What this domain tests
Framing questions test whether you respect load paths: joist and stud sizing from span tables, notching and boring limits, bearing and fastening, wall bracing, and deck attachment. Michigan amendments tighten deck ledger and flashing details, and inspectors look closely at anything that carries a cantilever.
Core rules
- Notching and boring (floor joists): notches only in the top or bottom edge, no deeper than one-sixth of the joist depth, and never in the middle third of the span. Holes no larger than one-third of the depth, kept at least 2 in. from the top and bottom edges, and not in a cantilever.
- Bearing: joists need at least 1-1/2 in. of bearing on wood or metal; blocking at bearing points where required; joist hangers sized to the member.
- Span tables: capacity depends on species, grade, size, spacing, and deflection limit (typically L/360 for floors with 40 psf live load).
- Wall bracing: braced wall panels per the bracing method used; interrupting a braced line with a large opening requires an engineered alternative such as a portal frame.
- Decks: ledgers flashed and fastened with the specified connectors, sized for the load; deck guard and stair requirements follow the MRC.
Worked example
A 2x10 joist (actual depth 9-1/4 in.) needs a hole for a 3 in. drain. Maximum hole = 9-1/4 ÷ 3 = 3.08 in., so 3 in. is acceptable - but it must sit at least 2 in. clear of both edges and stay out of any cantilever. A centered 3 in. hole leaves about 3.1 in. above and below, so it passes. A 4 in. hole fails on diameter alone, regardless of where you put it.
Traps that cost marks
Reading nominal depth as actual depth; notching in the middle third "because it's the strongest point"; cutting a top plate in a bearing wall; using span tables without the species and grade; fastening a ledger with whatever is in the truck.