Cargo loading, mass and dimensions
What the exam tests
This domain tests whether you can load a truck legally and safely, respect gross and axle limits, and recognise when a load needs a permit or special marking.
Core rules
- General road limits in North Macedonia are about 2.55 m width, 4.0 m height, 12 m for a rigid truck, 16.5 m for an articulated combination and 18.75 m for a road train; higher values need a permit.
- General maximum mass is about 40 t for a combination; axle and tyre limits may be reached before the gross limit.
- Spread the load evenly, keep the centre of gravity low, and place heavy items against the headboard or front of the trailer.
- Secure the load against braking, cornering and vibration. Use rated straps, chains or bars and check tension after the first kilometres.
- Mark long overhanging loads and use escort or permit rules where required.
Worked example
A combination weighs 39 t, below the 40 t gross limit. The rear axle is still overloaded. The driver must move or remove part of the load so that each axle is within its permitted limit; being under the gross limit is not enough.
Traps that cost marks
Checking only total weight; trusting a tarpaulin to secure the load; measuring height without the load; forgetting that a legal load can still be unsafe if it shifts.
Key points
- Check gross mass and every axle load.
- Width 2.55 m, height 4.0 m: general limits.
- Secure against braking and cornering.
- Heavy items low and forward.
- Overhang and oversize may need marking or a permit.