North Macedonia Bus Theory D flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Bus speed limit outside built-up areas

In North Macedonia, buses over 3.5 tonnes are limited to 80 km/h outside built-up areas and 100 km/h on motorways, unless lower limits are posted.

Alcohol limit for professional bus drivers

Professional bus drivers must have a blood alcohol concentration of 0.00 g/L. Any alcohol consumption is prohibited; penalties include licence suspension and fines.

Warning sign shape and colour

Warning signs are triangular with a red border, white background, and black symbol. They alert drivers to hazards ahead and require reduced speed and caution.

Priority road sign

A yellow diamond with a white border indicates a priority road. Drivers on this road have right-of-way at intersections until a sign indicates otherwise.

Category D licence requirements

To drive a bus, you need a category D licence, be at least 24 years old (21 with CPC), hold a medical certificate, and have passed the theory and practical tests.

Driver CPC periodic training

Professional bus drivers must complete 35 hours of periodic CPC training every 5 years to maintain their qualification. Training covers safety, regulations, and eco-driving.

Two-second rule

Maintain at least a two-second gap behind the vehicle ahead in good conditions. Increase to three seconds in rain and four seconds on ice or snow.

Aquaplaning response

If steering feels light due to aquaplaning, ease off the accelerator, do not brake suddenly, and hold the steering steady until tyre grip returns.

Minimum tyre tread depth for buses

Bus tyres must have a minimum tread depth of 1.6 mm across the central three-quarters of the tread. Check for cuts, bulges, and embedded objects.

Pre-trip brake check

Before departure, test the service brake, parking brake, and emergency brake. Ensure air pressure builds to the correct level (typically 6-8 bar) and there are no leaks.

Wheelchair securement on buses

Wheelchair users must be secured using designated restraint systems. The wheelchair space must be clear, and the driver must ensure the wheelchair cannot move during travel.

Emergency evacuation procedure

In an emergency, stop the bus safely, switch off engine, open emergency exits, and guide passengers to evacuate calmly. Conduct evacuation drills annually.

Maximum daily driving time

Under EU rules, maximum daily driving is 9 hours, extendable to 10 hours twice a week. Weekly maximum is 56 hours, and fortnightly maximum is 90 hours.

Tachograph record retention

Tachograph records must be kept for at least 1 year and produced on request by enforcement officers. Digital data must be downloaded regularly.

DRABC first aid protocol

DRABC stands for Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing, Circulation. Check for danger, assess responsiveness, open airway, check breathing, and begin CPR if needed.

Emergency call number in North Macedonia

Dial 112 for all emergencies in North Macedonia. Provide your location, the number of casualties, and the nature of the incident clearly.

Eco-driving acceleration technique

Accelerate smoothly and progressively, changing up gears early. Avoid rapid acceleration and heavy braking to reduce fuel consumption and emissions.

Engine idling rule

Switch off the engine if stationary for more than 30 seconds, except in traffic. Idling wastes fuel and increases emissions; modern engines restart efficiently.

Overtaking prohibition at pedestrian crossings

Overtaking is prohibited at pedestrian crossings and within 5 metres before them. Drivers must yield to pedestrians on or about to enter the crossing.

Mandatory sign appearance

Mandatory signs are circular with a blue background and white symbol. They indicate compulsory actions, such as turning right or minimum speed.

Medical certificate validity for drivers

Professional bus drivers need a medical certificate valid for 5 years up to age 50, every 3 years until 65, and annually thereafter.

Blind spot management for buses

Buses have large blind spots. Use mirrors and look over your shoulder before manoeuvring. Convex mirrors help cover blind spots on the sides.

Fire extinguisher check

Ensure the fire extinguisher pressure gauge is in the green zone and the extinguisher is within its service date. Know its location and how to use it.

Passenger capacity rule

Never exceed the bus's maximum passenger capacity. Standees are allowed only if the bus is designed for them and the route permits standing.

Daily rest requirement

Drivers must take 11 hours of continuous daily rest, reducible to 9 hours up to three times a week. Weekly rest is 45 hours, reducible to 24 with compensation.

CPR compression rate and depth

Perform chest compressions at 100-120 per minute, depth 5-6 cm, with 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths. Continue until help arrives.

Correct tyre pressure benefits

Correct tyre pressure reduces rolling resistance, improves fuel efficiency, and extends tyre life. Check pressures monthly and before long journeys.

Following distance in rain

Increase following distance to at least 3 seconds in rain. Wet roads reduce grip and increase stopping distances, so allow more space.

Bus lane marking

Bus lanes are marked with solid white lines and 'BUS' markings or yellow lines. Other vehicles may not use them unless signs permit.

Tachograph manual entries

Drivers must make manual entries on digital tachographs for non-driving activities such as other work, availability, and rest periods.

Severe bleeding first aid

Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth, elevate the limb if possible, and use a tourniquet only as a last resort. Seek medical help.

Air conditioning fuel impact

Air conditioning can increase fuel consumption by up to 10%. Use it sparingly and open windows at low speeds to reduce energy use.