Myanmar Matriculation Geography flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Earth's outer core
- The liquid layer of iron and nickel between the mantle and the solid inner core; its movement generates Earth's magnetic field.
- Convergent plate boundary
- A margin where two plates move toward each other; an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental or oceanic plate, forming a trench and volcanic arc.
- Metamorphic rock
- Rock formed when existing rock is altered by heat and pressure without melting; examples are marble from limestone and slate from shale.
- Carbonation weathering
- Chemical weathering in which carbon dioxide dissolved in rainwater forms weak carbonic acid that dissolves calcium carbonate in limestone, creating caves and karst features.
- Oxbow lake
- A crescent-shaped lake left when a river meander is cut off from the main channel by deposition across the narrow neck of the loop.
- Normal lapse rate
- The average fall of temperature with height in the troposphere, about 6.5 °C per 1,000 metres, which explains cooler climates on highland areas.
- Tropical cyclone requirements
- Formation needs sea-surface temperature above about 27 °C, abundant moisture, low wind shear, and a location 5–20° from the equator where Coriolis force exists.
- Natural increase
- The difference between the birth rate and the death rate of a population in a year, usually expressed per 1,000 people and excluding migration.
- Physiological population density
- Population divided by the area of cultivated land; it shows how many people each unit of farmland must support and so measures real pressure on food supply.
- Push and pull factors
- Conditions that drive people from a place (war, drought, unemployment) and conditions that attract them elsewhere (jobs, safety, services).
- Von Thünen model
- A model of farm location in which perishable, bulky products are produced near the market and extensive grain or ranching farther away, reflecting transport costs.
- Central business district
- The zone at the centre of a city with the highest land values, greatest accessibility, tall buildings and concentration of retail and office functions.
- Quaternary activity
- Economic activity involving knowledge, research, information and decision-making, such as universities, software design and consultancy, distinct from service provision.
- Settlement hierarchy
- An ordering of settlements from hamlet to metropolis by size and function; higher-order centres provide rarer services with larger thresholds and ranges.
- Green Revolution
- The adoption of high-yield crop varieties with irrigation, fertiliser and pesticides, which raised food output but increased costs and environmental risks.
- Hkakabo Razi
- The highest mountain in Myanmar, about 5,881 metres, located in the far north of Kachin State near the borders with China and India.
- Ayeyarwady River
- Myanmar's longest and most important river; it flows south from the northern highlands through the central plain and builds a large delta at its mouth.
- Chindwin River
- The chief tributary of the Ayeyarwady, rising in the northern hills and flowing south through Sagaing Region to join the main river near Myingyan.
- Central dry zone
- The lowland region around Mandalay, Magway and Sagaing with roughly 500–1,000 mm of rain, growing sesame, groundnut, cotton and pulses instead of paddy.
- Myanmar's seven states
- Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Mon, Rakhine and Shan; the states are generally the home areas of particular ethnic nationalities, unlike the seven regions.
- Nay Pyi Taw
- The planned capital of Myanmar since 2005–06, located in the central plain near Pyinmana, replacing Yangon as the seat of government.
- Yangon
- Myanmar's largest city and chief port, sited on the Yangon River near the Ayeyarwady delta; it served as the national capital until 2005–06.
- Shan Plateau
- An upland area in eastern Myanmar, averaging about 1,000 metres, with limestone karst, poor soils and cooler conditions than the surrounding lowlands.
- Mogok
- A town in Mandalay Region famous for producing high-quality ruby, sapphire and other gemstones from marble-hosted deposits.
- Representative fraction scale
- A scale written as a ratio such as 1:50,000, meaning one unit on the map represents 50,000 of the same units on the ground.
- Six-figure grid reference
- A location given by a three-digit easting followed by a three-digit northing, identifying a 100-metre square on a map with a one-kilometre grid.
- Contour lines
- Lines joining points of equal height above sea level; their spacing shows steepness and their shape shows valleys, spurs and hills.
- Vertical exaggeration
- The ratio of the vertical scale of a cross-section to its horizontal scale; it shows how many times the relief has been stretched to make it visible.
- Gradient calculation
- Vertical interval divided by horizontal distance, with both converted to the same units; the result is given as a ratio or a percentage.
- Aspect
- The compass direction toward which a slope faces; it affects temperature, moisture and land use, with sun-facing slopes generally warmer and drier.
- Rule of 70
- A method of estimating population doubling time by dividing 70 by the annual percentage growth rate, giving the number of years required.
- Pie chart sector angle
- The angle for a category equals its percentage of the total multiplied by 3.6, because a full circle of 360° represents 100 per cent.