Mongolia Driving Theory Test key terms

A fixed symbol or panel beside or above the road that warns of hazards, sets rules, or gives information. Shapes and colours carry meaning, for example red-bordered circles usually prohibit or restrict an action.

A sign, normally a triangle with a red border, that tells drivers a hazard lies ahead such as a bend, junction, or pedestrian crossing. The driver should slow down and be ready to react.

A sign, usually a circle with a red border, that forbids a specific action such as entering, overtaking, turning, or exceeding a stated speed. The restriction applies until a sign cancels it or the next junction changes it.

Paint or other material on the road surface that guides or restricts traffic. Markings include lane dividers, edge lines, stop lines, and hatched areas, and they work together with signs and signals.

A continuous painted line that drivers must not cross. A solid centre line separates opposing traffic where overtaking is unsafe, and a solid edge line marks the outer limit of the carriageway.

A dashed painted line that may be crossed when it is safe and legal to do so, for example to change lanes or overtake. It signals that the restriction of a solid line does not apply there.

A signal that controls traffic by colour. Red means stop, green means proceed if the way is clear, and yellow warns that the signal is about to change to red.

The stop signal at a traffic light. A vehicle must stop before the stop line or crossing and stay stopped until green, unless a permitted turn or a directing officer's instruction says otherwise.

The caution signal between green and red. It warns that the light is changing; a driver who can stop safely should do so rather than accelerate to beat the red.

A painted line across a lane where vehicles must halt at a stop sign, traffic light, or pedestrian crossing. Stopping beyond it can block pedestrians and other traffic.

A place where two or more roads meet or cross, including T-junctions and roundabouts. Junctions are where right-of-way rules decide who moves first and where most conflicts occur.

The priority to proceed that a rule, sign, or signal gives one road user over another. Having priority does not remove the duty to watch for others and avoid a collision.

The duty to slow or stop and let another road user go first, shown by a yield sign, a give-way marking, or a general rule such as yielding to traffic already on a roundabout.

A circular junction where traffic travels in one direction around a central island. Drivers entering normally yield to vehicles already circulating, and lane choice depends on the intended exit.

The rule that vehicles keep to the left side of the road, as in Mongolia. It shapes overtaking, turning, and junction behaviour, for example turning left means crossing oncoming traffic.

The maximum speed allowed on a road, set by law or by a sign. Drivers must also reduce speed below the limit when conditions such as weather, visibility, or traffic make the limit unsafe.

A speed chosen for the actual conditions, not just the posted limit. Rain, snow, ice, darkness, or heavy traffic can make a legal speed dangerous, so the driver must slow down.

The gap kept behind the vehicle ahead so that a sudden stop can be matched without collision. It grows with speed and with poor road or weather conditions.

A method of checking following distance: watch the vehicle ahead pass a fixed point and count two seconds before you reach it. If you arrive sooner, you are too close.

The distance a vehicle travels from the moment the brakes are applied until it stops. It increases with speed and is much longer on wet, icy, or gravel surfaces.

Passing a slower road user travelling in the same direction. It is allowed only where markings, signs, and visibility permit, and only when the driver can complete the move safely.

The area around a vehicle that the driver cannot see in the mirrors. Before changing lanes or overtaking, the driver must turn the head to check it.

A marked strip of carriageway for a single line of vehicles. Drivers should stay within their lane and use the correct lane for the direction they intend to travel.

Moving from one lane to another. The driver must signal, check mirrors and the blind spot, and yield to vehicles already in the target lane.

Changing direction at a junction or opening in the road. The driver must signal in good time, choose the correct lane, and give way to pedestrians and to traffic with priority.

Bringing the vehicle to a halt, whether briefly or for a longer time. Stopping is prohibited in places such as crossings, junctions, and bus stops where it would obstruct or endanger others.

Leaving a vehicle stationary for longer than the time needed to pick up or set down. Parking is allowed only where signs and markings permit and where the vehicle does not block traffic.

A marked part of the road where pedestrians cross. Drivers must approach with care and give way to pedestrians on the crossing; stopping on the crossing is forbidden.

The lamps a vehicle must have and use, including headlights, tail lights, brake lights, and indicators. Lights must work correctly and be used in darkness and in poor visibility.

A periodic official check that a vehicle meets safety and emissions requirements. A valid pass is normally required to drive legally, and defects found must be repaired.

The pattern of grooves on a tyre that clears water and grips the road. Worn tread reduces grip, especially on wet surfaces, and tyres below the legal minimum must be replaced.

The material of the road, such as asphalt, concrete, gravel, or ice. It determines grip and braking performance, so the driver must adjust speed and distance to suit it.

Immediate basic care given to an injured person before professional help arrives. It includes checking the scene for danger, calling emergency services, and keeping the person warm and still.

The place where a crash or breakdown has occurred. The first duties are to prevent further harm, warn other traffic, call for help, and give aid without moving seriously injured people unless there is danger.

Helping an unconscious person who is not breathing by delivering breaths after the airway is cleared. It is normally combined with chest compressions as part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The formal notification of a crash to the police and insurer, including the time, place, parties, and damage. Drivers involved must stop, exchange details, and report as required by law.

The official document permitting a person to drive a stated category of vehicle. Drivers must carry it while driving and keep it valid for the vehicle they are operating.

Driving after consuming alcohol above the permitted limit. It is a serious offence that impairs judgement and reaction time and carries heavy penalties including licence loss.