Mongolia Pharmacy Technician Licensing Exam key terms

A written or electronic order from a licensed prescriber for a specific medicine, including dose, route, frequency, and quantity, intended for dispensing to a named patient.

The process by which a pharmacy technician or pharmacist prepares and provides a prescribed medicine to a patient, including verification, labeling, and counseling.

A healthcare professional legally authorized to issue prescriptions, such as a physician, dentist, or nurse practitioner, depending on national law.

Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm, including prescribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring mistakes.

A noxious and unintended response to a medicine occurring at doses normally used for prevention, diagnosis, or treatment, excluding therapeutic failure.

The science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problem.

An unintended effect of a medicine that occurs at normal therapeutic doses and is usually predictable, often mild, and related to the drug's pharmacological action.

A condition or circumstance that makes a particular treatment or procedure inadvisable because it may cause harm to the patient.

A special warning or condition requiring careful consideration before using a medicine, often due to increased risk but not an absolute prohibition.

The proportion of an administered drug dose that reaches systemic circulation unchanged, influencing the onset and intensity of therapeutic effects.

The reduction in bioavailability of an orally administered drug due to metabolism in the liver or gut wall before it reaches systemic circulation.

The study of how the body handles a drug over time, encompassing absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

The time required for the concentration or amount of a drug in the body to decrease by half, used to determine dosing intervals and steady-state timing.

The condition where the rate of drug administration equals the rate of elimination, resulting in stable plasma concentrations, typically reached after 4-5 half-lives.

The nonproprietary, internationally accepted name of a drug's active ingredient, often assigned by WHO, used for prescribing and dispensing regardless of manufacturer.

The proprietary, trademarked name given by a manufacturer to a specific drug product, distinguishing it from other products containing the same active ingredient.

The biologically active component of a medicine responsible for its intended therapeutic effect, as distinguished from excipients.

An inactive substance included in a medicine formulation to serve as a vehicle, binder, preservative, or to aid manufacturing and stability.

The physical form in which a drug is presented for administration, such as tablet, capsule, injection, cream, or suppository.

The path by which a medicine is introduced into the body, for example oral, intravenous, intramuscular, topical, or rectal.

A coating applied to a tablet or capsule to prevent its dissolution in the stomach, protecting the drug from acid or protecting the stomach from irritation.

A dosage form designed to release a drug slowly over an extended period, reducing dosing frequency and maintaining therapeutic plasma levels.

A set of practices performed under controlled conditions to prevent contamination of sterile products, including hand hygiene, sterile gloves, and a clean environment.

The preparation of sterile medications, such as injectables or ophthalmic solutions, using aseptic technique to ensure the absence of microorganisms.

A workbench that uses HEPA-filtered air moving in a uniform direction to create a sterile work environment for compounding sterile preparations.

The preparation, mixing, assembling, or packaging of a medication tailored to an individual patient's needs, often from raw ingredients.

Measures and procedures used to prevent the spread of infections in healthcare settings, including hand hygiene, disinfection, and waste management.

A system of healthcare indigenous to Mongolia that uses herbal remedies, minerals, and animal products, often guided by humoral theory and Buddhist philosophy.

A medicinal product containing plant parts or plant-derived substances as the active ingredient, used for therapeutic purposes.

The process of ensuring that a herbal product contains a consistent amount of its active constituents, often by controlling raw material quality and manufacturing.

The set of guidelines ensuring that medicines are stored under appropriate conditions of temperature, humidity, and light to maintain quality and stability.

The ability of a pharmaceutical product to retain its physical, chemical, microbiological, and therapeutic properties within specified limits throughout its shelf life.

The period during which a medicine is expected to remain stable and safe when stored under recommended conditions, usually indicated by an expiration date.

The date marked on a medicine's packaging beyond which it should not be used, as its potency and safety may no longer be assured.

The process of ordering, storing, and tracking medicines to ensure adequate stock, minimize waste, and prevent shortages or expiration.

The provision of clear, individualized information and advice to a patient about their medicine, including proper use, storage, and potential side effects.

The extent to which a patient's behavior, such as taking medication, following a diet, or making lifestyle changes, corresponds with agreed recommendations from a healthcare provider.

A licensed healthcare professional who prepares and dispenses medicines, provides patient counseling, and ensures the safe and effective use of drugs.

A trained support worker who assists pharmacists in dispensing, inventory, and compounding tasks under supervision, according to national regulations.