MT-BC cheat sheet

Interval inversion: perfect intervals stay perfect, major becomes minor (and vice versa), augmented becomes diminished, and the two interval numbers always sum to 9.

Order of sharps is F-C-G-D-A-E-B; order of flats is B-E-A-D-G-C-F, the reverse.

Diatonic triad qualities in a major key: I, IV, V are major; ii, iii, vi are minor; vii is diminished.

Diatonic seventh chords in major: Imaj7, ii7, iii7, IVmaj7, V7, vi7, viiø7 (half-diminished).

Relative minor lies a minor third below the major tonic and shares its key signature; the parallel minor shares the tonic but lowers scale degrees 3, 6, and 7.

Simple meter divides the beat into two (2/4, 3/4, 4/4); compound meter divides the beat into three (6/8, 9/8, 12/8), so 6/8 is compound duple.

Transposition: B♭ clarinet sounds a major 2nd below written pitch, F horn a perfect 5th below, E♭ alto sax a major 6th below, and double bass an octave below.

Cadence types: authentic V–I, plagal IV–I, half ending on V, deceptive V–vi.

Common forms: strophic AAA, binary AB, ternary ABA, rondo ABACA, and 12-bar blues I-I-I-I-IV-IV-I-I-V-IV-I-V.

Piaget stages: sensorimotor (0–2 years), preoperational (2–7), concrete operational (7–11), formal operational (11 and older).

Erikson's early stages: trust vs mistrust (0–1), autonomy vs shame and doubt (1–3), initiative vs guilt (3–6), industry vs inferiority (6–12).

DSM-5 diagnoses require clinically significant distress or impairment, and symptoms must not be better explained by a substance, a medical condition, or another disorder.

Informed consent must cover purpose, procedures, risks, benefits, alternatives, limits of confidentiality, and the right to withdraw at any time without penalty.

Reliability is consistency of a measure; validity is whether it measures what it claims. A measure can be reliable without being valid, but not valid without being reliable.

Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing an aversive stimulus; punishment decreases behavior by adding one. The terms are not interchangeable.

Confidentiality may be breached only for imminent risk of harm to self or others, suspected abuse or neglect of a child or vulnerable adult, or a valid court order.

Tuckman's group stages are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning; conflict and role negotiation peak during storming.

Ethical principles applied in music therapy: autonomy, nonmaleficence (do no harm), beneficence, fidelity, veracity, and justice.

Assessment collects baseline data in motor, sensory, cognitive, communication, social-emotional, and musical domains to anchor measurable goals.

A goal states the broad target behavior and direction; an objective adds a condition, a measurable criterion (e.g., 3 of 4 trials), and a timeframe.

Neurologic Music Therapy techniques include RAS for gait, PSE for movement patterning, TIMP for traumatic brain injury, MIT for aphasia, and MSOT for speech.

Rhythmic auditory stimulation uses a metronome or music tempo set near the client's cadence to cue and stabilize stepping in gait rehabilitation.

The iso principle matches the client's current mood and energy level musically, then gradually shifts the music to lead toward the target affective state.

SOAP notes record Subjective, Objective, Assessment, and Plan; DAP notes record Data, Assessment, and Plan. The objective section contains observable behavior only.

Session structure typically includes greeting and orientation, warm-up, core goal-directed interventions, and closure that summarizes and prepares for transition.

Improvisation techniques include mirroring, matching, grounding, holding, emotional contagion, and splitting; referential improvisation depicts a topic or feeling.

Termination is indicated when goals are met, progress plateaus, the client no longer benefits, consent is withdrawn, or discharge occurs, and it should be planned and summarized.