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Perit Warrant Exam study materials
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Perit Warrant Exam practice questions

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Question 1Construction Law and Legal Framework

Under a standard construction contract, which document typically governs when the contract documents conflict and no priority clause exists?

  1. The drawings, because they show the physical scope
  2. The specifications, because they describe the work in detail
  3. The contract agreement, because it is the executed instrument Correct answer.
  4. The bill of quantities, because it prices the work

Explanation

When no express priority clause resolves a conflict, the executed contract agreement is generally treated as the controlling instrument because it embodies the parties' final bargain. Specifications, drawings, and priced schedules are subordinate documents that describe or price the work rather than establish the terms.

Question 2Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit is engaged to certify interim payments on a project. Which duty best describes the perit's role in that certification?

  1. Acting fairly and independently in valuing the work Correct answer.
  2. Acting as an arbitrator of payment disputes
  3. Acting as the contractor's agent for claims
  4. Acting as an advocate for the employer's financial interests

Explanation

A certifier must value the work fairly and independently, exercising professional judgement rather than serving either party's interest. Advocacy, agency for the contractor, or arbitration exceeds or distorts the certification function.

Question 3Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which element is essential for a binding construction contract to come into existence?

  1. A written and signed document
  2. Registration with a public authority
  3. A performance bond
  4. An offer, acceptance, consideration, and intention to be bound Correct answer.

Explanation

Formation requires offer, acceptance, consideration, and an intention to create legal relations; writing is generally not essential unless a statute or the parties require it. Registration and bonds are project requirements, not formation elements.

Question 4Construction Law and Legal Framework

In a lump-sum construction contract, what does the contractor generally bear?

  1. The risk of changes in law only
  2. The risk of employer-caused delays only
  3. No risk beyond defective workmanship
  4. The risk of quantity variations within the defined scope Correct answer.

Explanation

A lump-sum arrangement places the risk of quantity variation within the defined scope on the contractor, who prices the whole work. Employer-caused delays and changes in law are typically addressed separately through variation or relief provisions.

Question 5Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which type of security is intended to compensate the employer for the contractor's failure to perform rather than to guarantee payment to the contractor?

  1. Advance payment guarantee
  2. Retention fund
  3. Payment certificate
  4. Performance bond Correct answer.

Explanation

A performance bond responds to the contractor's default and protects the employer against non-performance. An advance payment guarantee protects the employer's advance, retention is withheld money, and a payment certificate is a valuation document.

Question 6Construction Law and Legal Framework

A dispute arises on site and the contract contains a tiered clause requiring engineer's decision before arbitration. What is the practical consequence of skipping the first tier?

  1. The contract is void for uncertainty
  2. The dispute is deemed waived entirely
  3. The arbitration award is automatically valid
  4. The arbitration may be stayed or held premature Correct answer.

Explanation

Tiered dispute clauses are generally treated as conditions precedent, so commencing arbitration before the earlier step can render the reference premature and liable to be stayed. The contract remains valid and the claim is not automatically lost.

Question 7Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which principle best explains why a contractor cannot usually recover for unforeseeable ground conditions under a fixed-price contract without an express provision?

  1. Ground conditions are excluded from the contract scope
  2. The contractor prices the risk of site conditions it accepted Correct answer.
  3. The employer always bears ground risk
  4. The contractor warrants the accuracy of employer data

Explanation

Absent a ground-conditions clause, the contractor is taken to have priced the risk of conditions it accepted, so unexpected ground does not automatically entitle it to extra payment. Express provisions like differing site conditions clauses are needed to shift that risk.

Question 8Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit issues a certificate of practical completion. Which legal effect is most commonly attached to that certificate?

  1. It transfers ownership of all materials on site
  2. It releases the contractor from all obligations
  3. It marks the start of the defects liability period Correct answer.
  4. It converts the contract into a cost-plus arrangement

Explanation

Practical completion certification typically triggers the defects liability or maintenance period and reduces retention. It does not transfer title, release all obligations, or change the pricing basis.

Question 9Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which statement correctly distinguishes a variation from a claim under a construction contract?

  1. A variation requires arbitration; a claim does not
  2. A variation is an instructed change to the works; a claim seeks additional payment or time for an event Correct answer.
  3. A variation is always a breach; a claim is always a remedy
  4. A variation is a payment certificate; a claim is a bond

Explanation

A variation is an instruction altering the scope, whereas a claim is a request for time or money arising from an event such as delay or disruption. Neither is inherently a breach or a bond, and neither mandates arbitration.

Question 10Construction Law and Legal Framework

In many civil-law jurisdictions, what is the primary source of mandatory rules governing construction contracts?

  1. Standard forms published by trade bodies
  2. Codes and statutes enacted by the legislature Correct answer.
  3. Site instructions issued by the engineer
  4. Minutes of site meetings

Explanation

Mandatory rules in civil-law systems derive from enacted codes and statutes, which override contrary contract terms. Standard forms, instructions, and meeting minutes operate within that framework but cannot displace mandatory law.

Question 11Construction Law and Legal Framework

A contractor submits a claim after the contractual notice period expires. What is the usual consequence where the contract makes notice a condition precedent?

  1. The employer must arbitrate first
  2. The notice period resets on request
  3. The claim is time-barred and may be rejected Correct answer.
  4. The claim is automatically approved

Explanation

Where notice is a condition precedent, failure to give timely notice generally bars the claim, and the certifier may reject it. The claim is not automatically approved, the period does not reset, and arbitration is not triggered by the omission.

Question 12Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which approach best describes the perit's duty when the contractor and employer disagree over the interpretation of a drawing note?

  1. Refer the matter to the contractor's designer for a binding decision
  2. Ignore the note and value the work at market rates
  3. Adopt the employer's interpretation as the paying party
  4. Interpret the documents as a whole and in context Correct answer.

Explanation

Contract interpretation requires reading the documents as a whole and in context rather than favoring the paying party. Ignoring the note or delegating a binding decision to one party's designer is inconsistent with independent certification.

Question 13Construction Law and Legal Framework

What is the usual legal character of a letter of intent issued before a formal contract is signed?

  1. It is always a binding contract for the whole works
  2. It has no legal effect in any circumstances
  3. It automatically incorporates the tender documents as a contract
  4. It may create limited binding obligations depending on its terms Correct answer.

Explanation

A letter of intent may create limited binding obligations, such as payment for authorized work, depending on its wording and the parties' conduct. It is not automatically a full contract, nor is it always devoid of effect.

Question 14Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which remedy is a court most likely to grant to compel a party to perform a construction obligation that is precisely defined?

  1. Specific performance Correct answer.
  2. Rectification of the contract
  3. Rescission for misrepresentation
  4. Punitive damages

Explanation

Specific performance compels performance of a precisely defined obligation where damages are inadequate. Punitive damages are rare, rescission addresses formation defects, and rectification corrects recording errors rather than compelling performance.

Question 15Construction Law and Legal Framework

Under a design-and-build arrangement, which risk shift is most characteristic compared with traditional procurement?

  1. The engineer certifies design adequacy for the contractor
  2. The employer retains design responsibility
  3. Design liability is excluded entirely
  4. The contractor assumes responsibility for design and construction integration Correct answer.

Explanation

Design-and-build transfers design responsibility to the contractor, who must integrate design and construction and answer for design defects. The employer does not retain design responsibility, and the engineer does not assume the contractor's design liability.

Question 16Construction Law and Legal Framework

A contract states that time is of the essence. What does this generally mean for the employer's remedies?

  1. Delay is excused automatically
  2. Delay only reduces the final payment
  3. Delay entitles the employer to terminate for breach in appropriate cases Correct answer.
  4. Delay shifts the risk to the certifier

Explanation

Where time is of the essence, failure to complete on time is a breach that can, in appropriate circumstances, entitle the employer to terminate. It does not merely reduce payment, excuse delay, or shift risk to the certifier.

Question 17Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which document in a construction contract most directly allocates responsibility for insuring the works against fire?

  1. The programme of works
  2. The bill of quantities preamble
  3. The insurance clause of the conditions of contract Correct answer.
  4. The site diary

Explanation

Insurance obligations are allocated by the insurance clause in the conditions of contract, which identifies who insures, for what risks, and to what limit. The bill preamble, programme, and diary do not allocate insurance responsibility.

Question 18Construction Law and Legal Framework

A subcontractor claims against the main contractor for work instructed directly by the employer's engineer. What legal issue arises first?

  1. Whether the works are complete
  2. Whether a contractual relationship exists between the employer and the subcontractor Correct answer.
  3. Whether the subcontractor holds a performance bond
  4. Whether the engineer is a licensed arbitrator

Explanation

Privity means the employer generally owes no contractual duty to a subcontractor, so the first question is whether any direct contractual relationship exists. Bonds, the engineer's status, and completion do not create that relationship.

Question 19Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which situation most clearly constitutes a repudiatory breach by an employer on a construction project?

  1. Repeatedly failing to pay certified sums and making continuation impossible Correct answer.
  2. Appointing a new certifier
  3. Requesting a revised programme for information
  4. Issuing a variation order within the contract's scope

Explanation

A repudiatory breach occurs where conduct shows an intention not to be bound or deprives the contractor of substantially the whole benefit, such as persistent non-payment making performance impossible. Lawful variations, information requests, and certifier appointments are ordinary administration.

Question 20Construction Law and Legal Framework

In a jurisdiction where the engineer's decision is a condition precedent to arbitration, what must a party generally do to preserve its right to arbitrate?

  1. Apply to the employer for a waiver of arbitration
  2. Withhold all further work on site
  3. Refer the dispute for the engineer's decision within the stated period Correct answer.
  4. Commence arbitration immediately without notice

Explanation

Where the engineer's decision is a condition precedent, the party must refer the dispute within the stated period to preserve its arbitration right. Immediate arbitration, withholding work, or seeking a waiver does not satisfy the condition.

Question 21Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which doctrine allows a court to correct a written construction contract that fails to record the parties' agreed term?

  1. Subrogation
  2. Novation
  3. Rectification Correct answer.
  4. Frustration

Explanation

Rectification corrects a document that misrecords the parties' common agreement. Novation replaces a party, frustration discharges obligations on an unforeseen event, and subrogation transfers rights to an insurer.

Question 22Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which clause type most directly limits one party's financial exposure for delay by fixing a pre-agreed sum per day?

  1. Retention clause
  2. Liquidated damages clause Correct answer.
  3. Force majeure clause
  4. Indemnity clause

Explanation

A liquidated damages clause fixes a pre-agreed sum per day of delay, limiting exposure to that rate where it is a genuine pre-estimate. Force majeure excuses delay, retention withholds money, and indemnity allocates loss for specified events.

Question 23Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which statutory concept most commonly allows a party to recover interest on late payment of a certified construction sum?

  1. Penalty clause
  2. Lien over materials
  3. Statutory interest on late payment Correct answer.
  4. Set-off right

Explanation

Legislation in many jurisdictions provides statutory interest on late payment of certified sums. Penalty clauses punish breach, set-off nets mutual debts, and a lien secures payment over property.

Question 24Construction Law and Legal Framework

What is the primary purpose of a retention fund in a construction contract?

  1. To fund the contractor's insurance premiums
  2. To provide the employer with security for defects during the liability period Correct answer.
  3. To guarantee the contractor's profit margin
  4. To pay the engineer's fees

Explanation

Retention withholds a percentage of payments to give the employer security for remedying defects during the liability period. It is not used for insurance, engineer's fees, or profit guarantees.

Question 25Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which best describes the effect of a force majeure clause in a construction contract?

  1. It converts the contract into a cost-plus arrangement
  2. It excuses or suspends performance on specified events beyond the parties' control Correct answer.
  3. It automatically terminates the contract on any delay
  4. It transfers all risk to the contractor

Explanation

A force majeure clause excuses or suspends performance when specified events beyond the parties' control occur. It does not shift all risk to the contractor, change the pricing basis, or automatically terminate on any delay.

Question 26Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit is appointed under a construction contract to certify interim payments. Which statement best describes the perit's legal position in relation to the employer and the contractor?

  1. The perit acts as an independent certifier owing duties of impartiality to both parties when exercising certification functions Correct answer.
  2. The perit is a neutral arbitrator whose certificates are binding and unappealable
  3. The perit is the employer's agent for all purposes and must follow the employer's instructions on certification
  4. The perit is the contractor's representative on site and reports defects to the contractor alone

Explanation

Where a contract entrusts a perit with certification, the role is typically that of an independent professional who must act fairly and impartially when valuing work and issuing certificates, even though the perit may be engaged and paid by the employer. This dual function is well recognised in construction practice. The perit is not an arbitrator, and certificates are generally subject to challenge through the contractual dispute process.

Question 27Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which source of law typically ranks highest in a civil-law jurisdiction when a mandatory statutory provision on construction safety conflicts with a term of the parties' contract?

  1. The statutory provision prevails over the conflicting contractual term Correct answer.
  2. The contractual term prevails because party autonomy is paramount
  3. The more recent of the two documents automatically prevails
  4. The conflict is resolved by the perit's discretion

Explanation

In civil-law systems, mandatory statutory rules are hierarchically superior to private agreements, so a contractual term that contradicts them is unenforceable to that extent. Party autonomy operates only within the limits set by legislation. The perit cannot override statute by exercising discretion.

Question 28Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit is asked to describe the legal nature of a performance bond provided by a bank on behalf of the contractor. Which description is most accurate?

  1. An insurance policy covering the contractor against its own insolvency
  2. An independent undertaking by the bank to pay on presentation of compliant documents, typically without proof of the contractor's default Correct answer.
  3. A guarantee that requires the employer to prove the contractor's default before the bank pays anything
  4. A retention fund held by the employer as security for defects

Explanation

An on-demand performance bond is an autonomous instrument under which the issuing bank pays against compliant documents, independent of the underlying construction contract. This distinguishes it from a true guarantee, which is accessory and requires proof of default. The autonomy principle protects the beneficiary's liquidity but exposes the contractor to calls made in bad faith.

Question 29Construction Law and Legal Framework

During works, the employer instructs the contractor to omit a substantial part of the works so that another contractor can carry them out. What is the usual legal issue raised by such an instruction?

  1. It is always valid because the employer holds an absolute right to reduce the scope at will
  2. It may constitute a breach of contract if it amounts to a fundamental alteration of the scope rather than a genuine variation Correct answer.
  3. It transfers all responsibility for the omitted works to the perit
  4. It is automatically void because omissions are never permitted under construction contracts

Explanation

Variation clauses generally permit the employer to omit work, but an instruction that removes a large portion of the scope so that it can be given to another contractor may exceed the clause and amount to a breach or repudiation. Courts and tribunals look at whether the change fundamentally alters the bargain. The perit does not assume responsibility for the omitted works.

Question 30Construction Law and Legal Framework

A contract provides that the perit's decision on disputes is final and binding unless either party commences arbitration within 28 days. Which statement best describes the legal effect of this clause?

  1. The decision is merely advisory and may be ignored at any time
  2. The decision becomes final and binding if no arbitration is commenced within the stipulated period Correct answer.
  3. The clause is unenforceable because it ousts the jurisdiction of the courts entirely
  4. The decision automatically becomes an arbitral award enforceable as such

Explanation

Time-limited finality clauses are enforceable: the perit's decision binds the parties provisionally and becomes final if neither party refers the dispute to arbitration within the stated period. The decision is not an arbitral award and does not oust the courts, which retain supervisory jurisdiction. The clause is valid because it preserves a route to binding dispute resolution.

Question 31Construction Law and Legal Framework

A contractor discovers that a clause in the tender documents conflicts with a clause in the subsequently negotiated contract. Which rule of interpretation is most likely to resolve the conflict?

  1. The tender documents always prevail because they were issued first
  2. The negotiated contract prevails over the earlier tender documents because it represents the parties' later and more considered agreement Correct answer.
  3. The perit selects whichever clause is more favourable to the employer
  4. Neither clause applies and the gap is filled by the perit's discretion

Explanation

Where tender documents and a later negotiated contract conflict, the later document generally prevails because it reflects the parties' final and more deliberate expression of intent. The perit has no power to choose clauses by preference for one party. Interpretation aims to give effect to the parties' agreement, not to create a gap for discretion.

Question 32Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit is asked whether a liquidated damages clause is enforceable when the stipulated sum is set at a level wildly disproportionate to any conceivable loss. Which statement is most accurate?

  1. The clause is void and the contractor is entitled to an extension of time automatically
  2. The clause is always enforceable because the parties freely agreed to it
  3. The clause is enforceable but the perit must reduce the sum to a reasonable level
  4. The clause may be struck down as a penalty and replaced by a requirement to prove actual loss Correct answer.

Explanation

A clause that imposes a sum out of all proportion to the legitimate interest of the employer in performance may be unenforceable as a penalty, in which case the employer must prove its actual loss. The perit does not have a general power to rewrite the parties' agreed rate. Unenforceability of the damages clause does not by itself entitle the contractor to an extension of time.

Question 33Construction Law and Legal Framework

A dispute arises over whether a contractor's claim for additional payment is time-barred. Which principle governs the effect of a contractual time-bar clause on the claim?

  1. The perit may waive the time-bar whenever the delay in notice is short
  2. The employer must prove actual prejudice before the time-bar can operate
  3. Time-bar clauses are unenforceable because they restrict the right to payment
  4. A valid time-bar clause can extinguish the claim if the stipulated notice is not given within the period, subject to any relief the contract or law provides Correct answer.

Explanation

Time-bar clauses are generally enforceable and may extinguish a claim if notice is not given in time, although some legal systems or contracts provide relief for late notice. The perit cannot simply waive a contractual requirement. Proof of prejudice is not a universal precondition to the operation of a time-bar.

Question 34Construction Law and Legal Framework

Which statement best describes the effect of a contractual provision requiring disputes to be referred to adjudication before arbitration?

  1. Adjudication provides an interim binding decision that the parties must comply with pending final resolution in arbitration Correct answer.
  2. Adjudication decisions are enforceable only if both parties consent after the decision is issued
  3. Adjudication is optional and may be bypassed without consequence
  4. Adjudication replaces arbitration entirely and its decision is final

Explanation

Adjudication is designed to produce a quick, interim binding decision that must be complied with while the dispute proceeds to final determination by arbitration or litigation. It does not replace arbitration, and compliance is not conditional on later consent. Bypassing a mandatory tier may bar or delay access to arbitration.

Question 35Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit is asked to explain the difference between a contractual claim and a statutory claim in construction disputes. Which distinction is most accurate?

  1. A contractual claim is enforceable only by the perit, while a statutory claim is enforceable only by a court
  2. A statutory claim can only be brought after the contract has been terminated
  3. A contractual claim arises from the parties' agreement, while a statutory claim arises from rights conferred by legislation independently of the contract Correct answer.
  4. A contractual claim is always stronger than a statutory claim

Explanation

The distinction lies in the source of the right: contractual claims rest on the parties' agreement, whereas statutory claims rest on rights created by legislation, such as payment or security-of-payment regimes. Statutory claims may exist alongside contractual ones and are not conditional on termination. Both may be pursued through the same dispute-resolution forums.

Question 36Construction Law and Legal Framework

A perit is reviewing a contract that incorporates a most-favoured-client clause in a framework agreement. Which statement best captures the legal risk of such a clause in construction procurement?

  1. It has no effect in construction because framework agreements are not contracts
  2. It transfers the perit's certification duties to the employer
  3. It automatically voids the entire framework agreement
  4. It may create uncertain, ongoing obligations to match better terms offered to others, complicating valuation and compliance Correct answer.

Explanation

Most-favoured-client clauses can generate continuing obligations to match more favourable terms given to comparable clients, which makes pricing, valuation, and compliance difficult to administer in construction frameworks. Framework agreements are contracts and are not void merely because such a clause is included. The clause does not alter the perit's certification function.

Question 37Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En la elaboración de un presupuesto de obra, ¿qué documento descompone cada unidad de obra en sus componentes elementales (materiales, mano de obra y maquinaria) con sus rendimientos y precios?

  1. El presupuesto de licitación
  2. El presupuesto de ejecución material
  3. El plan de obra o cronograma
  4. El cuadro de precios descompuestos Correct answer.

Explanation

El cuadro de precios descompuestos (o análisis de precios unitarios) detalla, para cada unidad de obra, la cantidad de material, las horas de mano de obra y la maquinaria necesarias por unidad, valoradas a sus precios respectivos. Es la base para justificar y revisar los precios unitarios del presupuesto.

Question 38Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

Al medir un muro de fábrica de ladrillo de 12 cm de espesor, ¿cómo se expresa habitualmente la medición en el estado de mediciones?

  1. En metros cuadrados de superficie de muro Correct answer.
  2. En metros lineales de muro
  3. En unidades de pieza colocada
  4. En metros cúbicos de fábrica

Explanation

La fábrica de ladrillo se mide normalmente por superficie (m²) de muro ejecutado, descontando los huecos según los criterios del pliego. El espesor forma parte de la definición de la unidad de obra, no de la magnitud de medición.

Question 39Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En un estado de mediciones, ¿qué significa aplicar el criterio de 'medición por diferencia'?

  1. Medir el elemento completo y restar los huecos o partes no ejecutadas Correct answer.
  2. Medir el elemento dos veces para comprobar el resultado
  3. Sumar todas las dimensiones del elemento sin descontar nada
  4. Medir solo la parte del elemento que se ejecuta en último lugar

Explanation

La medición por diferencia consiste en tomar la dimensión total del elemento y deducir las partes que no corresponden a la unidad medida, como huecos o encuentros. Es un criterio habitual en partidas de albañilería y revestimientos.

Question 40Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

¿Qué diferencia fundamental existe entre presupuesto de ejecución material (PEM) y presupuesto base de licitación?

  1. El PEM es el coste directo más indirecto de la ejecución, mientras que el de licitación añade gastos generales, beneficio industrial e impuestos Correct answer.
  2. El PEM incluye IVA y el de licitación no
  3. No existe diferencia, son sinónimos
  4. El PEM solo incluye materiales y el de licitación incluye todo

Explanation

El PEM recoge el coste de ejecución material de las unidades de obra, incluyendo medios auxiliares e indirectos de obra. El presupuesto base de licitación parte del PEM, le suma gastos generales de empresa y beneficio industrial y, finalmente, el IVA aplicable.

Question 41Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En el análisis de un precio unitario, el rendimiento de una cuadrilla se expresa habitualmente como:

  1. Cantidad de obra ejecutada por unidad de tiempo (por ejemplo, m²/hora) Correct answer.
  2. Número de operarios por metro cuadrado
  3. Coste horario de la maquinaria
  4. Porcentaje de medios auxiliares

Explanation

El rendimiento expresa la producción de una cuadrilla o máquina por unidad de tiempo, y sirve para calcular las horas necesarias por unidad de obra. Multiplicando las horas por el coste horario se obtiene el coste de mano de obra o maquinaria de la unidad.

Question 42Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

¿Qué es una partida alzada en un presupuesto de obra?

  1. Una partida que se mide siempre en metros cúbicos
  2. Una partida cuyo importe se fija globalmente sin medición detallada por unidades Correct answer.
  3. Una partida que se paga solo si el director facultativo lo autoriza
  4. Una partida reservada exclusivamente a imprevistos del cliente

Explanation

La partida alzada se valora de forma global para trabajos cuya medición detallada no es práctica, como ciertos medios auxiliares o trabajos singulares. Su importe se justifica por el conjunto del trabajo y no por medición unitaria.

Question 43Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En la medición de excavaciones en zanja, ¿qué dimensión se suele medir para obtener el volumen?

  1. La superficie en planta de la parcela
  2. El perímetro del fondo de la zanja
  3. La sección transversal de la zanja multiplicada por su longitud Correct answer.
  4. Solo la profundidad de la zanja

Explanation

El volumen de excavación en zanja se obtiene multiplicando la sección transversal (ancho por profundidad, con taludes si proceden) por la longitud de la zanja. Es la base para valorar el movimiento de tierras.

Question 44Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

¿Qué función cumple el pliego de condiciones técnicas en relación con las mediciones y el presupuesto?

  1. Sustituir al presupuesto cuando hay contradicciones
  2. Definir las unidades de obra, los criterios de medición y las condiciones de ejecución que sirven de base al presupuesto Correct answer.
  3. Establecer únicamente el plazo de ejecución de la obra
  4. Fijar el precio de mercado de los materiales

Explanation

El pliego de condiciones técnicas describe las unidades de obra, los materiales, la ejecución y los criterios de medición que deben aplicarse en el estado de mediciones. Por ello, el presupuesto debe interpretarse de forma coherente con el pliego.

Question 45Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

Una solera de hormigón tiene 12 m de largo, 8 m de ancho y 0,15 m de espesor. ¿Cuál es el volumen de hormigón a medir?

  1. 1,44 m³
  2. 19,20 m³
  3. 9,60 m³
  4. 14,40 m³ Correct answer.

Explanation

El volumen se obtiene multiplicando largo por ancho por espesor: 12 × 8 × 0,15 = 14,40 m³. La medición del hormigón de solera se expresa en metros cúbicos.

Question 46Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En un estado de mediciones se desea medir un revestimiento continuo de yeso en un paramento de 6 m de largo por 2,70 m de alto, con un hueco de puerta de 0,90 × 2,10 m. ¿Cuál es la superficie neta a medir si se descuenta el hueco?

  1. 16,20 m²
  2. 15,30 m²
  3. 14,31 m² Correct answer.
  4. 18,00 m²

Explanation

La superficie bruta es 6 × 2,70 = 16,20 m². El hueco mide 0,90 × 2,10 = 1,89 m², por lo que la superficie neta es 16,20 − 1,89 = 14,31 m².

Question 47Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

Al valorar una unidad de obra, el coste de mano de obra se calcula habitualmente como:

  1. Un porcentaje fijo del importe de los materiales
  2. El salario mensual del encargado dividido entre los metros ejecutados
  3. El número de operarios multiplicado por el precio del material
  4. Horas necesarias por unidad de obra multiplicadas por el coste horario de la cuadrilla Correct answer.

Explanation

El coste de mano de obra por unidad de obra se obtiene determinando las horas de cada categoría necesarias para ejecutarla y multiplicándolas por su coste horario. La suma de todas las categorías da el coste de mano de obra de la unidad.

Question 48Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En la medición de un forjado de hormigón, ¿qué superficie se suele considerar para la partida de hormigón?

  1. La superficie de encofrado lateral únicamente
  2. El volumen de los pilares multiplicado por la altura
  3. La suma de los perímetros de todos los pilares
  4. La superficie en planta entre ejes de apoyos, con los criterios del pliego Correct answer.

Explanation

El hormigón de forjados se mide normalmente por la superficie en planta definida en el pliego, incluyendo o no vuelos y macizados según criterios. El espesor forma parte de la definición de la unidad.

Question 49Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

¿Qué se entiende por gastos generales de la empresa en la estructura de un presupuesto?

  1. El beneficio industrial del contratista
  2. Los costes directos de materiales de cada unidad de obra
  3. Los costes indirectos de la empresa no imputables directamente a una unidad, expresados como porcentaje sobre el PEM Correct answer.
  4. El importe del IVA repercutido

Explanation

Los gastos generales de empresa son costes indirectos (administración, instalaciones, personal no adscrito a obra) que se aplican como porcentaje sobre el PEM. Se distinguen del beneficio industrial, que es la retribución del contratista.

Question 50Building Measurement and Budgeting (Mediciones y Presupuestos)

En un presupuesto, la medición de un pilar de hormigón de sección 0,30 × 0,30 m y altura 3,00 m se valora normalmente por:

  1. Metros lineales de pilar
  2. Unidades de pilar
  3. Volumen en metros cúbicos Correct answer.
  4. Superficie de encofrado en metros cuadrados

Explanation

El hormigón de pilares se mide por volumen (m³), multiplicando la sección por la altura. El encofrado y la armadura se miden en partidas independientes con sus propias unidades.