MTEL Physical Education (22) flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Health-related fitness components

Five components: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. These relate to health status and reduce disease risk rather than to sport performance.

Skill-related fitness components

Six components: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed. These support sport performance and are trained with drills that mirror game demands.

FITT principle

A formula for exercise prescription: Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type. Adjusting any one variable changes the training stimulus and the resulting adaptation.

Karvonen target heart rate

Target HR = ((HRmax − HRrest) × intensity%) + HRrest, where HRmax is estimated as 220 − age. Moderate intensity is roughly 50–70% of maximum heart rate.

Progressive overload

The principle that training loads must gradually exceed habitual demand to produce adaptation. Increases in weight, duration, or intensity should be small enough to avoid injury.

Specificity principle

Training adaptations are specific to the type of stimulus applied. Endurance work improves endurance, not maximal strength, so programs must match the desired outcome.

Reversibility (detraining)

Fitness gains are lost when training stops. Cardiorespiratory decline can begin within about two weeks of inactivity, while strength declines more slowly.

Body mass index (BMI)

BMI = weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. It screens weight status but does not measure body fat, so muscular students may register as overweight.

Cephalocaudal and proximodistal

Motor development proceeds head-to-toe (cephalocaudal) and center-to-extremities (proximodistal). These patterns explain why trunk control precedes fine hand control in young children.

Stages of motor learning

Cognitive (many errors, needs explanation), associative (refining technique, fewer errors), and autonomous (automatic, attention free for strategy). Feedback should fade as learners advance.

Open versus closed skills

Open skills occur in unpredictable environments and require adaptation, such as defending in soccer. Closed skills occur in stable environments, such as a free throw.

Stretch-shortening cycle

A rapid eccentric stretch followed by a concentric contraction, storing and releasing elastic energy. It underlies plyometric power training such as depth jumps and bounding.

Base of support and stability

A wider base of support and a lower center of gravity increase stability. Raising the center of gravity or narrowing the base increases mobility but reduces balance.

SHAPE America standards

Five national standards cover motor skills, concepts and tactics, health-enhancing fitness, personal and social behavior, and valuing physical activity. They anchor curriculum and assessment in U.S. physical education.

Physical literacy

The motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding to value and take responsibility for lifelong physical activity. It is a central goal of quality physical education.

MVPA in physical education

Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Quality programs target at least 50% of class time in MVPA, verified through observation audits or heart-rate monitors.

FITNESSGRAM Healthy Fitness Zone

A criterion-referenced standard for fitness test results, reported as healthy or needs improvement rather than percentile rank. It includes aerobic capacity, muscular fitness, flexibility, and body composition.

Least restrictive environment

The IDEA requirement that students with disabilities be educated with peers to the maximum extent appropriate. In physical education this means adapted equipment, modified rules, or peer partners.

Differentiated instruction in PE

Adjusting tasks, equipment, grouping, and pacing so all students work at an appropriate challenge level toward the same objective. Examples include larger balls, lower nets, and tiered stations.

Formative assessment in PE

Ongoing checks during instruction, such as observation checklists, peer rubrics, exit tickets, and activity-monitor data. It informs immediate teaching adjustments rather than final grades.

Concussion return-to-play protocol

Any athlete with suspected concussion is removed immediately and not returned the same day. Return follows graduated steps under medical clearance per consensus guidelines.

Exertional heat stroke

A medical emergency with core temperature above 104°F and altered mental status. Immediate cold-water immersion and EMS activation are required; antipyretics are ineffective.

RICE protocol

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation for acute soft-tissue injury. Ice is applied about 15–20 minutes and never directly on skin; newer protocols add protection and early controlled movement.

Commotio cordis

Sudden cardiac arrest caused by blunt impact to the chest during a vulnerable electrical phase, in a structurally normal heart. Immediate CPR and AED use are the only effective response.

AED in physical education

An automated external defibrillator delivers a shock for certain lethal rhythms. It should be applied as soon as available during cardiac arrest, with compressions resumed immediately after each shock.

Teacher negligence elements

Duty of care, breach of duty, causation, and injury. Proper supervision, safe equipment, warnings, and documented emergency plans reduce liability exposure in physical education.

Title IX three-part test

Compliance in athletics is shown by proportionality of participation to enrollment, a continuing practice of program expansion, or full accommodation of interests and abilities. Any one prong suffices.

CSPAP components

Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program: physical education, activity during school, before and after school, staff involvement, and family and community engagement. It increases daily youth activity.

Teaching Games for Understanding

A tactical model that begins with modified games and questioning to build tactical awareness before skill execution. Small-sided games maximize touches, decisions, and transfer.

Sport Education model

A model using seasons, persisting teams, formal competition, record keeping, a culminating event, and festivity. Students take roles such as player, coach, referee, and statistician.

TPSR model levels

Five levels: respecting others' rights and feelings, participation and effort, self-direction, helping others, and transfer to life outside the gym. It builds personal and social responsibility.

Random versus blocked practice

Random (interleaved) practice yields better retention and transfer than blocked practice, even though blocked practice looks better during practice sessions.

Knowledge of results versus performance

Knowledge of results gives outcome information, such as whether a shot went in. Knowledge of performance gives technique information, such as 'keep your elbow high.'