MTLE Health (Grades 5-12) cheat sheet
MTLE Health (Grades 5-12) · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The National Health Education Standards (NHES) define eight standards: core concepts, analyzing influences, accessing information, interpersonal communication, decision-making, goal-setting, health advocacy, and health-promoting behaviors.
The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model has 10 components, including health education, physical education, nutrition services, and social-emotional climate.
The CDC's Characteristics of an Effective Health Education Curriculum include functional knowledge, skill-building, and addressing social pressures through practice.
Health literacy is the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information to make appropriate decisions; it is a core outcome of health education.
The health belief model predicts behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
Social cognitive theory (Bandura) emphasizes observational learning, self-efficacy, and reciprocal determinism among person, behavior, and environment.
The stages of change (Prochaska) are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
The theory of planned behavior links behavior to intention, which is shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
A skills-based health curriculum teaches transferable skills such as refusal, goal-setting, and advocacy rather than facts alone.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The five components of fitness are cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
The FITT principle specifies frequency, intensity, time, and type for exercise prescription.
The CDC recommends 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily for children and adolescents.
Target heart rate range is estimated using the Karvonen formula: (max HR - resting HR) x intensity + resting HR; max HR is roughly 220 minus age.
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend 150-300 minutes of moderate activity or 75-150 minutes of vigorous activity weekly for adults.
The components of a comprehensive school physical activity program include physical education, activity during school, activity before and after school, staff involvement, and family/community engagement.
The three learning domains in physical education are psychomotor, cognitive, and affective; psychomotor objectives use observable verbs such as demonstrating or performing.
The five components of fitness are assessed through tests such as the PACER, curl-up, push-up, sit-and-reach, and body mass index.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The six essential nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water.
Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 calories per gram; fats provide 9 calories per gram; alcohol provides 7 calories per gram.
MyPlate divides the plate into fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, and dairy, with half the plate as fruits and vegetables.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugars to less than 10% of daily calories and sodium to less than 2,300 mg per day.
The nutrition facts label lists serving size, calories, total fat, sodium, total carbohydrate, and added sugars; percent daily value is based on a 2,000-calorie diet.
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts (carbohydrates, proteins, fats); micronutrients are vitamins and minerals needed in small amounts.
Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder; warning signs include dramatic weight change and preoccupation with food.
Foodborne illness prevention follows the four steps: clean, separate, cook, and chill.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The three levels of prevention are primary (preventing disease before it occurs), secondary (early detection), and tertiary (reducing complications).
Communicable diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites; noncommunicable diseases include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.
The chain of infection includes infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; breaking any link prevents transmission.
Common modes of transmission include direct contact, droplet, airborne, vector-borne, and vehicle-borne (food, water).
The immune system's first line of defense includes skin and mucous membranes; the second line includes inflammation and phagocytes; the third line involves antibodies.
Vaccines work by stimulating an immune response and creating memory cells without causing disease.
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth; risk factors include tobacco use, UV exposure, poor diet, and genetic predisposition.
Diabetes types include type 1 (autoimmune, insulin-dependent), type 2 (insulin resistance), and gestational diabetes.
Health Content and Pedagogy
Mental health conditions include anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia; depression is characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest.
Suicide warning signs include talking about wanting to die, giving away possessions, and withdrawal; the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is available 24/7.
The stress response involves the alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages (general adaptation syndrome).
Healthy coping strategies include exercise, sleep, social support, and relaxation techniques; substance use is a maladaptive coping strategy.
The five stages of grief (Kubler-Ross) are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
Stigma reduction involves using person-first language and accurate information about mental illness.
The three pillars of health are physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being; they interact to influence overall wellness.
The three pillars of health are physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being; they interact to influence overall wellness.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The three elements of the health triangle are physical, mental/emotional, and social health.
The health belief model and social cognitive theory predict behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
The stages of change (Prochaska) are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
The decision-making model includes identifying the problem, gathering information, considering consequences, making a decision, and evaluating the outcome.
SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
Refusal skills include saying no firmly, suggesting alternatives, and using assertive body language.
The theory of planned behavior links behavior to intention, which is shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
The CDC's Characteristics of an Effective Health Education Curriculum include functional knowledge, skill-building, and addressing social pressures through practice.
The health belief model predicts behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The three levels of prevention are primary (preventing disease before it occurs), secondary (early detection), and tertiary (reducing complications).
The chain of infection includes infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; breaking any link prevents transmission.
The immune system's first line of defense includes skin and mucous membranes; the second line includes inflammation and phagocytes; the third line involves antibodies.
Vaccines work by stimulating an immune response and creating memory cells without causing disease.
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth; risk factors include tobacco use, UV exposure, poor diet, and genetic predisposition.
Diabetes types include type 1 (autoimmune, insulin-dependent), type 2 (insulin resistance), and gestational diabetes.
The three pillars of health are physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being; they interact to influence overall wellness.
The health belief model and social cognitive theory predict behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
The CDC's Characteristics of an Effective Health Education Curriculum include functional knowledge, skill-building, and addressing social pressures through practice.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The three components of the health triangle are physical, mental/emotional, and social health.
The health belief model predicts behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
The stages of change (Prochaska) are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
The decision-making model includes identifying the problem, gathering information, considering consequences, making a decision, and evaluating the outcome.
SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
Refusal skills include saying no firmly, suggesting alternatives, and using assertive body language.
The theory of planned behavior links behavior to intention, which is shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
The CDC's Characteristics of an Effective Health Education Curriculum include functional knowledge, skill-building, and addressing social pressures through practice.
The health belief model predicts behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The three levels of prevention are primary (preventing disease before it occurs), secondary (early detection), and tertiary (reducing complications).
The chain of infection includes infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; breaking any link prevents transmission.
The immune system's first line of defense includes skin and mucous membranes; the second line includes inflammation and phagocytes; the third line involves antibodies.
Vaccines work by stimulating an immune response and creating memory cells without causing disease.
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growth; risk factors include tobacco use, UV exposure, poor diet, and genetic predisposition.
Diabetes types include type 1 (autoimmune, insulin-dependent), type 2 (insulin resistance), and gestational diabetes.
The three pillars of health are physical, mental/emotional, and social well-being; they interact to influence overall wellness.
The health belief model and social cognitive theory predict behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
The CDC's Characteristics of an Effective Health Education Curriculum include functional knowledge, skill-building, and addressing social pressures through practice.
Health Content and Pedagogy
The three components of the health triangle are physical, mental/emotional, and social health.
The health belief model predicts behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.
The stages of change (Prochaska) are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.
The decision-making model includes identifying the problem, gathering information, considering consequences, making a decision, and evaluating the outcome.
SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound.
Refusal skills include saying no firmly, suggesting alternatives, and using assertive body language.
The theory of planned behavior links behavior to intention, which is shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.
The CDC's Characteristics of an Effective Health Education Curriculum include functional knowledge, skill-building, and addressing social pressures through practice.
The health belief model predicts behavior through perceived susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy.