MTLE Health (Grades 5-12) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Health literacy

The capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions. It is a central outcome of effective school health education.

National Health Education Standards

Eight standards describing what students should know and be able to do in health education, from core concepts to health-promoting behaviors. They guide curriculum and assessment design.

WSCC model

The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model organizes school health around 10 components, including health education, physical education, nutrition services, and family engagement.

Health belief model

A behavior theory holding that action depends on perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Social cognitive theory

Bandura's theory that learning occurs through observation and modeling, with behavior shaped by reciprocal interactions among personal factors, behavior, and the environment, especially self-efficacy.

Stages of change

Prochaska's transtheoretical model: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Interventions are matched to the person's current stage.

Skills-based health education

A curriculum approach that teaches transferable skills such as refusal, decision-making, goal-setting, and advocacy, rather than relying on factual knowledge alone.

Five components of fitness

Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Each is assessed by a distinct fitness test.

FITT principle

A framework for exercise prescription specifying Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type. Adjusting any variable changes the training stimulus and outcome.

Target heart rate

An exercise intensity range estimated with the Karvonen formula: (max HR minus resting HR) times intensity plus resting HR, where max HR is roughly 220 minus age.

Physical activity guidelines for youth

Children and adolescents should accumulate 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, including muscle- and bone-strengthening activities at least three days weekly.

Psychomotor objective

A physical education learning objective stated with observable action verbs such as demonstrate, perform, or execute, describing a measurable movement skill.

Comprehensive school physical activity program

A multi-component approach including quality physical education, activity during school, before and after school, staff involvement, and family and community engagement.

Six essential nutrients

Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Carbohydrates and proteins yield 4 calories per gram; fats yield 9.

MyPlate

A food guidance model dividing the plate into fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, and dairy, with half the plate devoted to fruits and vegetables.

Percent daily value

The percentage of a nutrient's recommended daily intake provided by one serving, based on a 2,000-calorie reference diet. It appears on the Nutrition Facts label.

Macronutrients vs micronutrients

Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) are needed in large amounts for energy and structure; micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are needed in small amounts.

Food safety four steps

Clean, separate, cook, and chill. These steps prevent foodborne illness by reducing pathogen contamination and growth.

Levels of prevention

Primary prevents disease before onset, secondary detects disease early, and tertiary reduces complications and disability after disease is established.

Chain of infection

Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Breaking any link interrupts transmission.

Communicable vs noncommunicable disease

Communicable diseases spread between people via pathogens; noncommunicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer are not transmitted person to person.

Vaccine mechanism

Vaccines expose the immune system to a harmless antigen, stimulating antibody production and memory cells without causing the disease.

Diabetes types

Type 1 is autoimmune with insulin deficiency; type 2 involves insulin resistance; gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and raises later type 2 risk.

General adaptation syndrome

Selye's three-stage stress response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Prolonged stress depletes resources and increases illness risk.

Depression signs

Persistent sadness, loss of interest, changes in sleep or appetite, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating lasting two weeks or more. These warrant professional evaluation.

Person-first language

Language that refers to the person before the condition, such as a person with depression, reducing stigma and framing the condition as one aspect of identity.

Stages of grief

Kubler-Ross described denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. The stages are not linear and individuals may revisit them.

Suicide warning signs

Talking about wanting to die, giving away possessions, withdrawal, and hopelessness. The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline provides 24/7 support.

SMART goals

Goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. This format makes health behavior goals concrete and evaluable.

Refusal skills

Assertive communication strategies such as saying no firmly, suggesting alternatives, and using confident body language to resist peer pressure.

Decision-making model

A sequence of identifying the problem, gathering information, considering consequences, making a decision, and evaluating the outcome.

Theory of planned behavior

Ajzen's theory that behavior is predicted by intention, which is shaped by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.