EUC-ENFER flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Autonomy
- The ethical principle that a competent patient has the right to make informed decisions about their own care, including the right to refuse treatment.
- Informed consent elements
- Valid consent requires patient capacity, adequate disclosure of risks, benefits and alternatives, comprehension of that information, and voluntary agreement without coercion.
- Negligence four elements
- A successful negligence claim requires a duty of care owed to the patient, a breach of that duty, causation linking the breach to harm, and demonstrable damage.
- Glasgow Coma Scale
- Neurological scale scoring eye opening (1-4), verbal response (1-5) and motor response (1-6); total 3-15, with 15 indicating full consciousness.
- Braden Scale
- A risk assessment tool scoring six factors including mobility, moisture, nutrition and friction to predict pressure injury risk and guide preventive interventions.
- Orthostatic hypotension
- A fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg or diastolic of 10 mmHg on standing, causing dizziness and increased falls risk.
- Hypoglycemia treatment
- Give 15-20 g fast-acting oral carbohydrate to a conscious patient, recheck glucose after 15 minutes, and repeat until glucose is above 3.9 mmol/L.
- Neutropenic sepsis
- A life-threatening emergency in patients with low neutrophils; fever requires urgent blood cultures and empirical antibiotics, typically within one hour.
- Late decelerations
- Fetal heart rate decelerations that begin after the uterine contraction peak and recover slowly, suggesting uteroplacental insufficiency and requiring repositioning and escalation.
- Naegele's rule
- Estimates delivery date by taking the first day of the last menstrual period, subtracting three months, then adding seven days.
- APGAR score
- Newborn assessment at one and five minutes scoring Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity and Respiration, each 0-2, for a maximum of 10.
- Holliday-Segar rule
- Pediatric maintenance fluid calculation: 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg for each remaining kilogram.
- Reye syndrome
- A rare but serious illness affecting children recovering from viral infection who take aspirin, causing liver dysfunction and encephalopathy; aspirin is avoided in children.
- Therapeutic communication
- Use of open questions, reflection, paraphrasing and appropriate silence to help patients express feelings, while avoiding false reassurance and judgmental responses.
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- A rare reaction to antipsychotics marked by fever, muscle rigidity, autonomic instability and raised creatine kinase; the drug is stopped and urgent medical review sought.
- Serotonin syndrome
- Toxicity from serotonergic drugs causing clonus, hyperreflexia, agitation and hyperthermia; the causative agent is stopped and supportive care provided.
- Anaphylaxis first-line drug
- Intramuscular adrenaline 0.5 mg of 1:1000 solution into the anterolateral thigh for adults, repeated after five minutes if there is no improvement.
- Malignant hyperthermia
- A genetic reaction to volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine causing hyperthermia, rigidity and hypercapnia; treated urgently with dantrolene and active cooling.
- WHO surgical safety checklist
- A three-phase checklist used before induction, before incision and before the patient leaves theatre to confirm identity, site, consent, allergies and instrument counts.
- Narrow therapeutic index
- A property of drugs such as digoxin, lithium and warfarin where the effective and toxic doses are close, requiring therapeutic drug monitoring.
- Type B adverse drug reaction
- An unpredictable, not dose-related drug reaction such as anaphylaxis or idiosyncratic reaction, unrelated to the drug's known pharmacological action.
- Naloxone
- An opioid antagonist that rapidly reverses respiratory depression and sedation caused by opioid overdose; repeat doses may be needed due to its short duration.
- WHO 5 moments
- Hand hygiene is performed before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure risk, after patient contact, and after touching surroundings.
- Airborne precautions
- Measures for pathogens spread by small particles, requiring a fit-tested FFP3 or N95 respirator, a negative-pressure room, and a closed door.
- C. difficile hand hygiene
- Soap and water handwashing is preferred over alcohol-based gel because alcohol does not reliably kill Clostridioides difficile spores.
- Sensitivity
- The proportion of people with a disease who correctly test positive; a highly sensitive test is useful for ruling out disease when negative.
- Specificity
- The proportion of people without a disease who correctly test negative; a highly specific test is useful for confirming disease when positive.
- PICO framework
- A structured approach to clinical questions covering Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome, used to build effective literature searches.
- PDSA cycle
- A quality improvement method of repeated Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles that tests small changes, measures results, and refines the intervention before wider spread.
- Gillick competence
- A legal test of whether a minor has sufficient understanding and intelligence to make a particular healthcare decision independently.
- Preeclampsia
- New hypertension after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria or organ dysfunction; magnesium sulfate is given to prevent seizures and toxicity is monitored.
- Postpartum hemorrhage cause
- Uterine atony is the most common cause; management begins with uterine massage, oxytocin administration and escalation according to blood loss.