STPM Tahfiz Al-Quran 932 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Makhraj al-Jauf

The oral and throat cavity used for the elongation letters (alif, waw, ya). It is one of the five main articulation zones in tajwid and produces the madd sounds.

Sifat al-Hams

A whispered quality produced when breath continues after the letter is articulated. It applies to ten letters gathered in the phrase fahasathu shakhsan, including fa, ha, tha, and sin.

Qalqalah Sughra

A light echoing of the qalqalah letters (qaf, ta, ba, jim, dal) when they carry sukun within a word or verse. It is weaker than the echoing made at waqf.

Madd Lazim

An obligatory elongation of six counts occurring when a madd letter is followed by a sukun or shaddah in the same word, as in al-dallin and al-haqqah.

Ikhfa Haqiqi

Concealment of nun sakinah or tanwin before fifteen letters, with the sound partly nasalised and held about two counts. It sits between izhar and idgham.

Waqf Mu'anaqah

Two stopping marks placed over two nearby words, meaning the reciter stops at one of them but not both. Stopping at both is considered a recitation error.

Tartil

Reciting the Quran slowly, clearly, and with full articulation of letters and madd, as commanded in Surah al-Muzzammil 73:4. It is the preferred speed for memorisation.

Mutashabihat al-Lafz

Verses whose wording is identical but which occur in different surahs. They are the main source of confusion in hifz and require deliberate cross-referencing during revision.

Sabaq, Sabqi, Manzil

Three revision tiers: sabaq is today's new portion, sabqi is recent memorisation, and manzil is long-term rotation of completed juz'. Together they form the daily hifz schedule.

Anchor Method

A memorisation technique linking the last word of one verse to the first word of the next. The chain prevents the reciter from jumping to a similar passage elsewhere.

Juz' 30 Boundary

The thirtieth juz' begins at Surah al-Naba' 78:1 and runs to the end of the Quran at 114:6. It is the usual starting point for new memorisers.

Blind Recall Test

Reciting a memorised page from a random starting ayah without looking at the mushaf. Failure at a random point reveals weak anchoring rather than weak overall memory.

Spaced Repetition in Hifz

Reviewing a memorised portion at expanding intervals: same day, next day, three days, one week, one month. The interval expands only after error-free recall.

Asbab al-Nuzul

Reports explaining the occasion or question that prompted a verse's revelation. Knowing them prevents misapplying a verse revealed for a specific situation.

Nasikh and Mansukh

Abrogating and abrogated verses. The abrogating verse replaces the legal ruling of an earlier one, though the earlier text may remain in the mushaf for recitation.

Makki and Madani

Classification of surahs by place of revelation. Makki surahs emphasise 'aqidah and are shorter; Madani surahs treat law, community, and relations with other groups.

Jama' al-Quran

The three-stage collection of the Quran: Abu Bakr's compilation after Yamamah, Uthman's standardised mushaf, and later dotting and vowel marking of the text.

Muhkam and Mutashabih

Muhkam verses are clear and decisive; mutashabih verses carry more than one possible meaning, such as the disjointed letters. Surah Al 'Imran 3:7 addresses both.

Tahaddi in the Quran

The Quran's challenge to produce something like it. It appears in stages: ten surahs (11:13), one surah (10:38, 2:23), and the whole Quran (17:88).

Seven Ahruf

The seven modes in which the Quran was revealed, understood by most scholars as dialectal variants within one meaning. Uthman's mushaf later unified the community on one script.

Tafsir bi-l-Ma'thur

Interpretation based on transmitted sources: the Quran itself, then the Prophet's sunnah, then statements of the companions and successors. It is the strongest category of tafsir.

Tafsir bi-l-Ra'y

Interpretation based on reasoned judgement. It is acceptable when grounded in Arabic language and transmitted reports, and blameworthy when it forces meaning against the text.

Al-Kashshaf

Al-Zamakhshari's tafsir, famous for rhetorical analysis but coloured by Mu'tazili theology. Scholars use its language sections while rejecting its doctrinal conclusions.

Ayat al-Ahkam

Legal verses of the Quran, roughly five hundred in number, treating worship, transactions, family, and penalties. Al-Jassas's Ahkam al-Quran is a standard reference.

'Amm and Khass

A general wording that covers many cases versus a specific wording that restricts it. A general verse may be specified by another verse or a sound hadith.

Siyaq in Tafsir

The surrounding context of a verse, including preceding and following verses. Context often determines which of several possible meanings a word carries.

Hafs 'an 'Asim

The most widely used transmission of the Quran today, especially in the Middle East and Asia. It is one of the two transmissions from the qira'ah of 'Asim.

Warsh 'an Nafi'

A transmission of the Quran dominant in North and West Africa. It differs from Hafs in madd lengths, some vowel sounds, and certain word forms.

Rasm Uthmani

The orthography of the mushaf standardised under Uthman. It omits or adds some alifs and writes certain words unusually, and all accepted qira'at must agree with it.

I'jam al-Mushaf

The addition of dots distinguishing similar Arabic letters, introduced after the Uthmani mushaf. It is distinct from vowel marking (tashkil) added later.

Qira'at Mutawatir

A reading transmitted by so many chains that error is impossible, agreeing with the Uthmani script and Arabic grammar. Only mutawatir and mashhur readings are recited.

Saktah in Hafs

A brief pause without breath occurring at four places in the Hafs transmission, including between Surah al-Kahf 18:1 and 18:2. It differs from a full waqf.