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Question 1Rules of the road
You are driving through a town in Namibia where no speed limit sign is displayed. What is the general maximum speed limit for a built-up area?
- 50 km/h
- 40 km/h
- 60 km/h Correct answer.
- 80 km/h
Explanation
In Namibia the general speed limit inside a built-up or urban area is 60 km/h, and it applies even where no sign repeats it. Lower limits shown on signs override the general limit, so watch for posted values near schools, residential streets and roadworks.
Question 2Rules of the road
While following another vehicle on a dry tar road at 80 km/h, how much distance should you leave between your vehicle and the vehicle ahead?
- At least two seconds of travelling time Correct answer.
- One car length regardless of speed
- Half a second of travelling time
- One second of travelling time
Explanation
The two-second rule gives you enough time to react and stop if the vehicle ahead brakes suddenly. In rain, on gravel or at night the gap should be increased to at least four seconds because stopping distances grow.
Question 3Rules of the road
You are travelling on a two-way single carriageway and decide to overtake the slower vehicle ahead. On which side must you pass it?
- On either side, whichever looks clear
- On the left
- On the right Correct answer.
- On the left if the vehicle ahead waves you past
Explanation
Namibia drives on the left, so normal overtaking is done on the right of the vehicle ahead, moving into the opposing lane only when you can see it is clear. Passing on the left is permitted only in special situations, such as when the vehicle ahead is turning right and there is room to pass safely.
Question 4Rules of the road
You reach an intersection with no stop signs, yield signs, traffic lights or road markings. Another vehicle is approaching from the road on your right. What must you do?
- Give way only if the other driver flashes headlights
- Slow down or stop and give way to that vehicle Correct answer.
- Sound your hooter and continue at the same speed
- Proceed, because your road looks wider
Explanation
At an uncontrolled intersection the driver must give way to traffic approaching from the right. Approach slowly, be ready to stop, and move off only once you are certain the crossing is clear.
Question 5Rules of the road
You are about to enter a roundabout and traffic is already circulating in it. What is the correct procedure?
- Enter first because you are on the main road
- Enter without slowing because circulating traffic must stop for you
- Stop inside the roundabout and wait for a gap
- Slow down and give way to traffic already in the roundabout Correct answer.
Explanation
Vehicles already circulating in the roundabout have right of way, and because Namibia drives on the left they approach you from your right. Reduce speed on approach, look right, and move off only when there is a safe gap in the traffic.
Question 6Rules of the road
The traffic light ahead changes from green to a steady amber as you approach. What should you do?
- Reverse back behind the stop line
- Stop before the line unless you are too close to stop safely Correct answer.
- Accelerate to clear the intersection before red
- Carry on at the same speed without checking
Explanation
A steady amber warns that the light is about to turn red, so you must stop unless you have already crossed the line or are so close that braking could cause a collision. Check your mirrors before braking so that following traffic is not caught out.
Question 7Rules of the road
A pedestrian is already walking across a marked zebra crossing ahead of you. What must you do?
- Drive around behind the pedestrian without slowing
- Slow down and stop to let the pedestrian finish crossing Correct answer.
- Sound your hooter so the pedestrian hurries across
- Continue, because pedestrians must wait for vehicles at zebra crossings
Explanation
Once a pedestrian is on a marked zebra crossing that pedestrian has right of way, and you must stop and stay stopped until the crossing is clear. Approach marked crossings at a speed that allows you to stop safely, especially near schools and busy ranks.
Question 8Rules of the road
In which of these situations are you not allowed to overtake another vehicle?
- On a long straight road with a broken centre line
- On a dual carriageway with two lanes in your direction
- When the vehicle ahead is travelling well below the speed limit
- Approaching the top of a blind rise Correct answer.
Explanation
You may not overtake where you cannot see far enough ahead to be sure the road is clear, such as on a blind rise, on a sharp bend with a limited view, or at a pedestrian crossing. A broken centre line does not turn an unsafe place into a safe one.
Question 9Rules of the road
You want to turn right at an intersection, and an oncoming vehicle is travelling straight ahead through the same intersection. Who has right of way?
- You do, because you have already entered the intersection
- You do, because turning traffic moves first
- The oncoming vehicle, so you must wait for a safe gap Correct answer.
- Whoever is travelling faster has right of way
Explanation
When you turn across the path of oncoming traffic you must give way to vehicles going straight ahead. Wait behind the point of conflict until a safe gap appears, and also check for pedestrians crossing the road you intend to enter.
Question 10Rules of the road
You and another vehicle arrive at a four-way stop at the same moment, and the other vehicle is on your right. What should happen?
- You go first because you approached from the left
- The driver who hoots first has right of way
- You give way and let the vehicle on your right go first Correct answer.
- Both vehicles edge forward at the same time
Explanation
At a four-way stop the first vehicle to stop is normally the first to go; if two arrive together, the driver on the left gives way to the vehicle on the right. Move off only once you are sure the other driver is waiting or has clearly signalled you through.
Question 11Rules of the road
A traffic officer is standing in an intersection and signals you to stop, even though the traffic light for your lane is green. What must you do?
- Sound your hooter and drive through slowly.
- Continue because the green light gives you right of way.
- Stop only if another vehicle is crossing.
- Stop and follow the officer's signal. Correct answer.
Explanation
A traffic officer's directions take precedence over traffic lights and road signs. Even with a green light, you must obey the officer and stop. Proceeding would conflict with the officer's control of the intersection.
Question 12Rules of the road
You are driving at night on an unlit road. An oncoming vehicle approaches and your headlights are on bright. What must you do?
- Dip your headlights to low beam. Correct answer.
- Switch off your headlights until the vehicle has passed.
- Flash your bright lights repeatedly.
- Keep the bright lights on so you can see the road edge.
Explanation
Bright headlights dazzle oncoming drivers and can cause a collision. Dip to low beam in good time so the other driver can see the road. Raise bright lights again only after the vehicle has passed.
Question 13Rules of the road
In a moving vehicle, who is required to wear a seatbelt?
- Only the driver and the front-seat passenger.
- All occupants for whom a seatbelt is fitted. Correct answer.
- Only children who are younger than eighteen years of age.
- Only passengers travelling outside a town or city.
Explanation
Every occupant must use a seatbelt where one is fitted, including rear-seat passengers. Seatbelts reduce the risk of injury and of being thrown from the vehicle in a crash.
Question 14Rules of the road
A continuous (solid) white line separates your lane from the lane to your right. What does this line mean?
- You may cross it to overtake when the road is clear.
- You must not cross or straddle it. Correct answer.
- You may cross it only at night.
- You may straddle it when turning right.
Explanation
A continuous white line is a barrier line that must not be crossed or straddled. It is used where overtaking or lane changing would be unsafe, such as on blind rises and bends.
Question 15Rules of the road
You want to enter a yellow box junction, but the road beyond it is full of stationary traffic. What should you do?
- Wait before the box until there is space beyond it. Correct answer.
- Enter the box and sound your hooter.
- Drive around the box on the shoulder.
- Enter the box and remain stopped in it until the traffic ahead moves.
Explanation
A yellow box junction must be kept clear so traffic can flow across it. Enter only when your exit is clear; otherwise you block the junction when the lights change.
Question 16Rules of the road
You are reversing out of a private driveway onto a public road. Who has right of way?
- Whoever reaches the road edge first.
- Traffic on the public road. Correct answer.
- Vehicles approaching from the left only.
- You do, because you are already moving.
Explanation
A driver entering a public road from a private driveway must yield to traffic already on that road. Reversing out does not give you right of way; proceed only when the road is clear.
Question 17Rules of the road
When may you use your hooter in a built-up area?
- To tell the vehicle ahead that it should drive faster.
- To greet pedestrians you know.
- Only to warn other road users of danger. Correct answer.
- Whenever you approach an intersection.
Explanation
The hooter is a warning device, not a way to express impatience. In a built-up area use it only when danger is likely, for example to warn a pedestrian stepping into the road.
Question 18Rules of the road
You approach a railway level crossing where red lights are flashing. What must you do?
- Stop and wait until the red lights stop flashing. Correct answer.
- Slow down and cross carefully if you cannot see a train coming.
- Stop only if the boom is down.
- Cross quickly before the train arrives.
Explanation
Flashing red lights at a level crossing mean you must stop and stay stopped. Cross only after the lights stop flashing and you have checked that no train is approaching.
Question 19Rules of the road
You are about to turn left into a side road. A pedestrian is already crossing that side road on the road you are entering. What must you do?
- Stop and let the pedestrian finish crossing. Correct answer.
- Sound your hooter so the pedestrian hurries.
- Turn slowly and pass behind the pedestrian.
- Continue because pedestrians must yield to turning vehicles.
Explanation
A pedestrian already crossing the road you are turning into has right of way. You must stop and let them clear your path before completing the turn.
Question 20Rules of the road
A vehicle behind you has started to overtake. What should you do?
- Move to the centre of the road to block it.
- Brake sharply to warn the driver.
- Keep left and maintain a steady speed. Correct answer.
- Accelerate so the overtaking vehicle can complete faster.
Explanation
When another vehicle is overtaking, keep left and do not increase speed. This lets the overtaking driver complete the manoeuvre safely and reduces the time spent in the opposing lane.
Question 21Rules of the road
You approach a yield (give way) sign at an intersection and traffic on the cross road is already flowing past. What does the sign require of you?
- Sound your hooter and continue, because the sign only applies after dark
- Keep your speed, because traffic on the cross road must give way to you
- Slow down, be ready to stop, and give way to traffic on the road you are joining Correct answer.
- Come to a complete stop before the line every time, even when the cross road is empty
Explanation
A yield (give way) sign means you must slow down and let traffic already on the road you are joining pass before you enter it. A full standstill is required only when the traffic situation demands it, but you must always approach at a speed that lets you stop if necessary.
Question 22Rules of the road
You reach a stop sign at an intersection and can see that no traffic is approaching from either side. What must you do?
- Stop only when another vehicle is already inside the intersection
- Sound your hooter and drive through without stopping if the way looks clear
- Come to a complete standstill at the stop line, then move off when it is safe Correct answer.
- Slow down and roll through if you can see that nothing is approaching
Explanation
A stop sign requires a complete standstill at the stop line, or at the edge of the intersection where there is no line, on every occasion. You may move off only after you have checked in both directions and are satisfied that the way is clear.
Question 23Rules of the road
You want to make a phone call while driving on a public road. What does the law require of you?
- You may not hold or operate a hand-held phone while the vehicle is moving Correct answer.
- You may use it if you keep the call shorter than one minute
- You may use it if you reduce your speed to below 40 km/h
- You may hold it while the vehicle is standing in a queue of traffic
Explanation
A driver may not hold or operate a hand-held communication device while the vehicle is being driven on a public road, because it takes your eyes and one hand away from the task of driving. If you must make a call, pull off the road and stop in a safe place first.
Question 24Rules of the road
A scholar patrol has stepped into the road ahead of you and is holding up a stop sign so that learners can cross. What must you do?
- Drive slowly around the patrol, because pedestrians must wait for vehicles
- Stop and remain stopped until the patrol signals that the crossing is clear Correct answer.
- Stop only if children have already stepped into your half of the road
- Continue at the same speed, because the patrol only controls the children
Explanation
A scholar patrol displaying a stop sign has the same effect on drivers as a stop sign, and learners crossing have priority. You must remain stationary until the patrol lowers the sign and signals that you may proceed.
Question 25Rules of the road
An ambulance comes up behind you with its siren sounding and blue lights flashing on a two-way street. What should you do?
- Stop dead in your lane so that the ambulance can choose which side to use
- Move to the right-hand side of the road and keep your speed steady
- Speed up so that you reach the next intersection before the ambulance does
- Move as far left as is safe, slow down or stop, and let the ambulance pass Correct answer.
Explanation
A vehicle sounding a siren and showing blue flashing lights is on an emergency call and has priority over other traffic. You must open a clear path for it, which normally means moving as far left as is safe, slowing down or stopping until it has passed.
Question 26Rules of the road
You are driving on a multi-lane road with a clear left lane, and you are not overtaking anyone. Which lane should you be using?
- The right lane, because it is meant for vehicles travelling at the speed limit
- The left lane, keeping as far left as is safe Correct answer.
- Any lane you like, provided you stay in it until you turn off
- The middle lane, leaving the left lane free for slower traffic
Explanation
On a multi-lane road you keep to the left lane unless you are overtaking or are about to turn right. The right-hand lanes are for overtaking and must be vacated once the overtaking manoeuvre is finished.
Question 27Rules of the road
The traffic lights at an intersection are flashing amber in all directions because the signals are out of order. How should you deal with the intersection?
- Treat the intersection as closed and turn around at the next gap
- Proceed through at speed, because the lights can no longer turn red
- Proceed cautiously and apply the normal right-of-way rules at the junction Correct answer.
- Wait at the stop line until a traffic officer arrives to direct traffic
Explanation
Flashing amber means the signals are not controlling the intersection, so you must treat it like an uncontrolled junction and proceed with caution. The usual right-of-way rules apply, and you must be ready to stop for traffic already in or entering the intersection.
Question 28Rules of the road
You are travelling on a freeway and realise you have just passed the off-ramp you needed. What is the correct action?
- Make a U-turn through a gap in the median as soon as it is clear
- Stop on the shoulder and wait for a gap before reversing
- Reverse along the emergency lane back to the off-ramp
- Carry on to the next off-ramp and turn around there Correct answer.
Explanation
Reversing, stopping without cause or making a U-turn on a freeway is dangerous and not permitted, because following traffic is fast and does not expect it. If you miss an off-ramp you continue to the next one and find a safe, lawful place to turn around.
Question 29Rules of the road
Your vehicle loses power and stops in a traffic lane on an unlit road at night, and it cannot be pushed off the road. What should you do first?
- Switch off every light to save the battery and stand behind the vehicle
- Switch on the hazard lights and place a warning triangle behind the vehicle Correct answer.
- Push the vehicle along the lane until you reach better lighting
- Walk along the road to flag down a passing driver for help
Explanation
A stationary vehicle in a traffic lane at night is a serious hazard to approaching traffic. Hazard lights plus a warning triangle placed behind the vehicle warn other drivers in time, and you should then wait in a safe place off the roadway.
Question 30Rules of the road
A minibus has stopped in your lane ahead to set down passengers, and people are stepping into the road around it. What should you do?
- Slow down, watch for pedestrians around the taxi, and pass only when it is safe Correct answer.
- Sound your hooter and keep your speed so that the pedestrians hurry
- Stop directly behind the taxi and wait for it to pull away, even if there is a safe gap
- Overtake at once without checking, because the taxi is not moving
Explanation
Passengers getting off a stopped minibus often step into the road without looking, and the vehicle itself blocks your view of them. Reduce speed, be ready to stop, and pass only once you can see that the road ahead and around the taxi is clear.
Question 31Rules of the road
You are approaching a roundabout and see a vehicle already circulating that will cross your path. What must you do?
- Slow down and give way to the circulating vehicle. Correct answer.
- Maintain your speed because you are entering from the left.
- Stop inside the roundabout and wait for a gap.
- Sound your hooter and proceed ahead of the vehicle.
Explanation
Traffic already in the roundabout has right of way, so entering drivers must yield and only enter when it is safe. You should slow down, observe and give way without stopping inside the circle.
Question 32Rules of the road
In good weather and with a clear road ahead, what is the minimum following distance you should keep behind the vehicle in front?
- Ten metres at any speed
- Two seconds Correct answer.
- Half a car length
- One second
Explanation
The two-second rule gives a safe minimum gap in good conditions. At higher speeds or in poor visibility you should increase the gap to allow more time to react if the vehicle ahead brakes suddenly.
Question 33Rules of the road
You stop at a four-way stop at the same time as a vehicle approaching from your right. Who has the right of way?
- You, because you are on the left.
- The vehicle on your right. Correct answer.
- The vehicle that is travelling faster.
- The vehicle that hoots first.
Explanation
At a four-way stop the first vehicle to arrive normally proceeds first. If two vehicles arrive at the same time, the driver on the left must yield to the vehicle on the right.
Question 34Rules of the road
Unless a road sign shows a different limit, what is the general maximum speed for a public road inside an urban area?
- 50 km/h
- 40 km/h
- 80 km/h
- 60 km/h Correct answer.
Explanation
The general urban speed limit is 60 km/h unless signs indicate otherwise. Lower limits may apply near schools, hazards or roadworks, so you must always obey the posted limit.
Question 35Rules of the road
A pedestrian has stepped onto a marked zebra crossing ahead of you. What must you do?
- Flash your headlights to warn the pedestrian.
- Continue if you can pass behind the pedestrian.
- Stop and give way to the pedestrian. Correct answer.
- Drive around the pedestrian if the opposite lane is clear.
Explanation
Drivers must stop and yield to pedestrians on a marked crossing because pedestrians have right of way there. Passing behind or around a crossing pedestrian is dangerous and unlawful.
Question 36Rules of the road
You are driving in heavy rain during the day and visibility is poor. Which lights must you switch on?
- Hazard lights while moving
- Parking lights only
- Bright headlights
- Dipped headlights Correct answer.
Explanation
In poor daytime visibility you must use dipped headlights so that you can see and be seen. Brights can dazzle other drivers, and hazard lights are for a stationary emergency rather than normal driving.
Question 37Rules of the road
What is the legal maximum blood alcohol concentration for an ordinary driver of a motor vehicle on a public road in South Africa?
- 0.02 g per 100 ml
- 0.08 g per 100 ml
- 0.10 g per 100 ml
- 0.05 g per 100 ml Correct answer.
Explanation
The general limit is 0.05 g of alcohol per 100 ml of blood. Professional drivers and certain permit holders are subject to a stricter limit of 0.02 g per 100 ml.
Question 38Rules of the road
You are turning right at an intersection on a green light. An oncoming vehicle is going straight ahead. Who has the right of way?
- You, because you have a green light.
- You, because you are already in the intersection.
- The vehicle that reaches the intersection first.
- The oncoming vehicle going straight. Correct answer.
Explanation
A green light does not give a turning driver priority over oncoming traffic going straight. You must yield to oncoming vehicles and only complete the turn when it is safe to do so.
Question 39Rules of the road
On a two-way road, in which situation may you pass a vehicle on its left?
- When a solid white line separates the lanes.
- After sounding your hooter to warn the other driver.
- Whenever the left lane is moving faster than yours.
- When the vehicle ahead is turning right. Correct answer.
Explanation
Passing on the left is generally not allowed on a two-way road, but you may do so when the vehicle ahead is turning right and there is safe space on its left. You must still check for cyclists, pedestrians and other hazards before passing.
Question 40Rules of the road
You are on a congested freeway and the emergency lane is clear. May you use it to pass the stationary traffic?
- Yes, if you flash your headlights before entering.
- Yes, if you keep below 60 km/h.
- Yes, because the emergency lane is an extra traffic lane.
- No, it is reserved for emergencies and authorised vehicles. Correct answer.
Explanation
The emergency lane on a freeway is reserved for breakdowns, emergencies and authorised vehicles such as ambulances. Using it to bypass congestion is unlawful and blocks access for emergency services.
Question 41Rules of the road
You are approaching an intersection controlled by traffic lights and the signal changes from green to a steady amber (yellow) just as you reach the stop line. What are you required to do?
- Continue through at the same speed because amber means the light is about to turn green.
- Stop exactly on the stop line and wait for a traffic officer to direct you.
- Stop before the stop line unless you are too close to stop safely. Correct answer.
- Speed up so that you clear the intersection before the red light shows.
Explanation
A steady amber signal warns that red is about to follow, so the driver must stop before the stop line. The only exception is where the vehicle is already so close to the line that stopping cannot be done safely, in which case the driver continues through. Amber is a warning to stop, never an instruction to accelerate.
Question 42Rules of the road
You want to overtake the vehicle ahead, and the only way past is to cross the solid white line separating your lane from the lane on your right. What does that line mean for you?
- You may cross it if you switch on your indicator well in advance.
- You may cross it when the road ahead looks clear for at least 100 metres.
- You may straddle it briefly, provided you return to your lane within 50 metres.
- You must not cross it, so you may not overtake there. Correct answer.
Explanation
A solid white (barrier) line may not be crossed or straddled by traffic on that side of the road, because it marks a stretch where overtaking is too dangerous. A broken line is the marking that permits crossing when it is safe to do so. Using an indicator does not make crossing a solid line lawful.
Question 43Rules of the road
You are about to turn into a road and see a circular sign with a white horizontal bar on a red background. What does this sign tell you?
- You may enter, but only after giving way to traffic already in the road.
- You may not drive into that road; it is reserved for oncoming traffic. Correct answer.
- You may enter if you are a resident or a delivery vehicle.
- You must stop and wait for a green signal before entering.
Explanation
The red circle with a white horizontal bar is the no-entry sign, which forbids traffic from proceeding into that road from your direction. It is typically placed at the exit end of a one-way street or at a restricted entrance. Stopping first or giving way does not make entry lawful.
Question 44Rules of the road
You want to cross an intersection and the area beyond it is marked with a yellow grid, but traffic on the far side is queued and stationary. What should you do?
- Drive around the queue by using the grid and the adjacent lane.
- Stop before the grid until there is room beyond it. Correct answer.
- Enter the grid and stop in it, because your light is green.
- Enter the grid and sound your hooter so the queue moves on.
Explanation
A yellow box marking may not be entered unless the driver can clear it, so you wait before the grid until there is space on the far side for your vehicle. Stopping inside the grid blocks cross traffic and is an offence even when the light is green. Hooting or changing lanes does not create the missing space.
Question 45Rules of the road
A pedestrian using a white cane is standing at a marked pedestrian crossing, waiting to cross. What is expected of you?
- Pass the pedestrian because a person on foot must always yield to vehicles at a marked crossing.
- Slow down, be ready to stop and give the pedestrian the right of way. Correct answer.
- Stop only if the pedestrian has already stepped onto the crossing markings.
- Sound your hooter briefly to let the pedestrian know you have seen them, then drive on.
Explanation
A white cane indicates a blind or partially sighted pedestrian who needs extra time and consideration from drivers. You should reduce speed, be prepared to stop and give that person the right of way at the crossing. Hooting can startle and disorient someone who cannot see you.
Question 46Rules of the road
At night you are following another vehicle with your headlights on bright (main beam), and no oncoming traffic is present. What should you do with your headlights?
- Leave them on bright so that you can see further ahead.
- Switch them off and drive on the vehicle's tail lights.
- Dip them to low beam so you do not dazzle the driver ahead. Correct answer.
- Switch on your front fog lamps and turn the headlights off.
Explanation
Bright headlights behind another vehicle shine into its mirrors and dazzle the driver in front, so you dip to low beam while following. Dipped headlights must stay on so that you can see the road and remain visible to others. Relying only on the tail lights of the vehicle ahead leaves you without proper illumination.
Question 47Rules of the road
You are approaching a railway level crossing where the red lights are flashing and the booms are lowering. What must you do?
- Stop only if a train is already visible on the line.
- Stop before the crossing and wait until the red lights stop flashing. Correct answer.
- Drive around the lowered boom on the wrong side of the road.
- Cross quickly if you cannot see or hear a train approaching on the line.
Explanation
Flashing red lights at a level crossing mean a train is approaching, and every road user must stop before the crossing. You wait until the lights stop flashing and the booms are fully raised before driving over. Trying to beat the train or bypassing a boom can be fatal.
Question 48Rules of the road
When may you use your vehicle's hooter on a public road?
- To tell a pedestrian on a crossing to hurry up.
- When necessary to warn others of danger or of your presence. Correct answer.
- To show your irritation at a driver who is moving too slowly.
- To greet a friend you recognise on the pavement.
Explanation
The hooter is a warning device and may be used only where it is necessary to warn other road users of danger or to make them aware of your vehicle. It is not for greetings, for expressing annoyance or for hurrying pedestrians along. Unnecessary hooting is an offence.
Question 49Rules of the road
The vehicle ahead of you has stopped at a pedestrian crossing to let people walk across, and no pedestrian is yet directly in front of your vehicle. What may you do?
- You may pass it on the left along the edge of the road.
- You may overtake it because no pedestrian is directly in front of your vehicle.
- You may overtake it slowly if you sound your hooter first.
- You may not overtake the stopped vehicle; you must wait behind it. Correct answer.
Explanation
Where a vehicle has stopped at a pedestrian crossing, you may not overtake it, because a pedestrian may be hidden in front of it and about to step into your path. You wait behind the stopped vehicle until it moves off and you can see that the crossing is clear. Hooting or using the road edge does not make overtaking lawful.
Question 50Rules of the road
You are driving at speed on a wet road when the vehicle starts to aquaplane and the steering suddenly feels light. What is the correct response?
- Accelerate hard to push the tyres through the standing water.
- Ease off the accelerator and keep the steering steady. Correct answer.
- Pull up the handbrake gently to slow the vehicle down.
- Brake firmly and steer sharply towards the edge of the road.
Explanation
Aquaplaning happens when a film of water lifts the tyres off the road surface, so grip and steering response are temporarily lost. Easing off the accelerator lets the vehicle slow gradually and the tyres regain contact, while a steady steering wheel avoids a sudden swerve. Harsh braking, hard acceleration or the handbrake can trigger a skid or spin.