NSSCO Oshindonga First Language 6100 flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Okupopya pashigwana

Okupopya pashigwana otaku pumbwa okwiiyapula aantu, okukwatakanitha omapopyo, nokuhugunina nelaka lyokuhugunina; omukalo gwagu opashigwana, iha gu holike.

Okuuvitha nawa

Okuuvitha nawa (active listening) otashi ti okutala komupopi, okukala nomutse po, nokuhwepo okupopya pehala limwe; omuuvithi iha popi ihe ta pulakena nokudhidhilika.

Epulo lyashili

Epulo lyashili (open question) otali pula omayamukulo omale, pashiholelwa 'Oshike wa ninga?'; epulo lyokugalula (closed question) otali eta 'eeno' nosho wo 'aawe'.

Omukalo gwokupopya

Omukalo gwokupopya (register) otagu yooloka pokati kopashigwana nopaholike; okupopya naakulu otaku longithwa 'Tate' nosho wo 'Meme', okupopya naakwawo 'omukwetu'.

Ehangano

Ehangano (debate) otali landula omukalo: omupopi a yelithe oshipotha she, aanandunge yapataneke, opo ku galulwe omapulo, nokuhugunina nokugandja omadhimbulukwa.

Okuhogolola

Okuhogolola otashi ti okushunitha omukandanyolo muule womwaalu, to gwanitha po omadhimbulukwa agehe gele, momalaka gomuhogoli mwene, nota landulathana.

Omukundu

Omukundu (theme) omadhimbulukwa ga holoka monkalo ayihe yomukandanyolo, pashiholelwa 'ohole', 'uukumithi' nosho wo 'edhipago'; iha kala oshiningwanima shimwe ayike.

Okulesha kwokutya ko

Okulesha kwokutya ko otaku landula omukalo: okutala komutwe, okulesha omukandanyolo, okugalula omapulo, nokulesha ishewe opo ku mone omayamukulo.

Okulesha mbya mbya

Okulesha mbya mbya (skimming) otaku lesha mbala opo ku mone omukundu aguhe; okumona (scanning) otaku kongo odata dhimwe, pashiholelwa esiku nenge edhina.

Ongudu dhomadhina

Ongudu dhomadhina (noun classes) otadhi gongele omadhina melongo lyimwe; pashiholelwa ongudu 1 (omu-) nosho wo 2 (ova-), ongudu 7 (oshi-) nosho wo 8 (ii-).

Oshikumikilo

Oshikumikilo oshitya shititatu shi na okukwatakanitha nomadhina, pashiholelwa 'omuntu a li', 'ovantu va li', 'oshikola shi li', 'iikulya yi li'.

Omapeka

Omapeka otaa ulike ethimbo lyoshiningwanima: 'onda li' (konima), 'ondi li' (ngashiingeyi), 'otandi ka' (komesho); oshitya shomapeka otashi longo pamwe noshikumikilo.

Okukala negumo

Okukala negumo otaku longithwa oshitya 'ka-' pamwe nomalaka '-i' nosho wo 'po'; pashiholelwa 'kandi shi shi' nosho wo 'kandi na po'.

Oshitya shokuulika

Oshitya shokuulika otashi ulike koshinima shi li popepi nenge kokule: 'omuntu nguka', 'ovantu ava', 'oshikola shika', 'iikulya yiika'; otashi kwatathanitha nomadhina.

Omaletter ga gwedhwa

Oshindonga otashi shangwa nomaletter ga gwedhwa ngaashi sh, th, dh, kh, gh, ny, ng, mb, nd, nj, nw, kw, gw; otaga dhana onkandangala onene mokulesha nokushanga.

Omalaka gomutiyali

Omalaka gomutiyali ngaashi aa, ee, ii, oo, uu otaga shangwa kumwe notaga ulike ondondo yelaka; pashiholelwa 'aantu', 'iikulya', 'oomeme', 'uunona'.

Oondanda dha pitilila

Oondanda dha pitilila otadhi shangwa kumwe gwomushangwa, momadhina gomuntu nosho wo giilongo, miihandja, nomanga ko uthike mokuhugunina.

Omatopelo

Omatopelo ngaashi okapilika (,), oshitotwa (.), okapulapulo (?) nosho wo oshitayi ('') otaga yoolola omapopyo nokugandja omukalo gwokulesha nokupopya.

Omapopyo gomuntu

Omapopyo gomuntu otaga shangwa mokati koshitayi (' '), nokapilika oka landula manga inaa pitithe oshitayi; edhina lyomupopi otali landula.

Omapopyo ga yooloka

Omapopyo otaga yooloka: okupopya (declarative), okupula (interrogative), okulombwela (imperative), nokuholola (exclamatory); okapulapulo otaka longithwa mokupula owala.

Omukanda gwopashigwana

Omukanda gwopashigwana ogu na: adresa yomushangi, datumu, adresa yomugwaneki, elaleko, omutwe gwomukundu, omukandanyolo, nokuhogolola nedhina lyomushangi.

Omukanda gwopaholike

Omukanda gwopaholike ogu na: edhina lyomukwetu, omukandanyolo gwopaholike, nokuhogolola nedhina lyomushangi; omukalo gwagu iha gu kala pashigwana.

Ombapila yokupula ompito

Ombapila yokupula ompito oyi na adresa, datumu, omutwe, omukandanyolo nokuhogolola; oyi longithwa okupula ompito yokulonga nenge yokukutha omukanda.

Ombapila yokumanyitha

Ombapila yokumanyitha (notice) oyi na omutwe, esiku, ethimbo, oshipala noshinakugwanithwa; oyi shangwa momukalo omule nokwa yeluka opo aantu ayehe yaa yi uvite.

Oshinano

Oshinano (essay) oshi na iitopolwa itatu: omakwatathano (introduction), omukandanyolo (body) nokuhogolola (conclusion); oshitopolwa shimwe kehe oshi na omukundu gumwe.

Oshitopolwa

Oshitopolwa (paragraph) oshi na omutwe gwasho (topic sentence), omadhimbulukwa ga kwatela noshitopolwa shokuhugunina; oshitopolwa shimwe otashi gandja omukundu gumwe ayike.

Omalaka gokukwatakanitha

Omalaka gokukwatakanitha ngaashi 'na', 'ihe', 'oshoka', 'opo', 'ngele' otaga kwatakanitha iitopolwa nokugandja omukalo gwa yela mokushanga nokupopya.

Okulongekida nokuhogolola

Okulongekida otaku landula: okulesha epulo, okudhidhilika omadhimbulukwa, okulongekida omukandanyolo; okuhogolola otaku konaakona omishangandjalela, omatopelo nowaalu gwomadhina.

Ondjokonona

Ondjokonona (plot) oyi na omapokolo: omakwatathano, okukondjola, okukondja nokuhugunina; oyi landulathana notayi holola omukundu gwoshifo.

Aaholiki

Aaholiki otaya yooloka: omuholiki gwopokati (protagonist) nosho wo omukondji (antagonist); aaholiki otaa vulu okukala aape, aakulu nenge aagundjuka.

Oshidhanauka

Oshidhanauka (poetry) oshi na omutwe, omukandanyolo (stanza), omutungi (line), okukwatakanitha (rhyme), okupenga (rhythm) nosho wo omifano (imagery) ngaashi okufananeka nokuyeleka.

Oshiningwanima

Oshiningwanima (drama) oshi na oondjambi (acts), omatopolwa (scenes), omapopyo (dialogue) nosho wo omalombwelo gokupopya (stage directions) ngoka taga lombwele aaholiki kwaa ye.