NSSCO Portuguese Foreign Language 6113 study materials
NSSCO Portuguese Foreign Language 6113 study resources

NSSCO Portuguese Foreign Language 6113: Grammar and vocabulary in context

NSSCO Portuguese Foreign Language 6113 · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

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Grammar and vocabulary in context

Grammar and vocabulary items are tested inside short texts and dialogues: choosing the tense, the preposition, the pronoun or the agreeing form, and selecting the word that fits the topic. The paper rewards precision, so the high-frequency contrasts below are worth drilling until they are automatic.

Tense contrasts

  • Pretérito perfeito (finished event) versus imperfeito (background, habit): 'Ontem fui ao mercado e comprei peixe' but 'Quando era pequeno, ia ao mercado com a avó.'
  • Presente do subjuntivo after wish or impersonal expressions: 'Espero que venhas', 'É importante que estudes.'
  • Future subjunctive after quando/se referring to the future: 'Quando chegares, telefonas.'

Prepositions and contractions

  • de + o = do, de + a = da, em + um = num, a + a = à, a + aquele = àquele.
  • por = cause, exchange, duration ('obrigado por', 'por duas horas'); para = purpose, destination, deadline ('para estudar', 'para amanhã').

Gender and agreement traps

  • -agem and -ção nouns are feminine: a viagem, a inscrição.
  • -ma nouns are masculine: o problema, o programa, o sistema; also o dia, o mapa.
  • muito agrees (muita gente, muitos alunos); bem is an adverb, bom an adjective.

Worked example

'Se eu ___ (ter) tempo, ___ (ir) ao cinema.' Two readings: unreal or hypothetical → 'tivesse / iria'; real future possibility → 'tiver / vou'. Reasoning: 'se + imperfect subjunctive' pairs with the conditional for what is contrary to fact; 'se + future subjunctive' pairs with the present or future for a likely condition. The surrounding sentence, not the 'se', decides.

Traps

  • 'Estudo português há três anos', not 'desde três anos'; 'desde 2020' is fine.
  • 'mais … do que', never 'mais … que' before a clause.
  • Clitic placement: 'Não lhe disse nada' but 'Disse-lhe a verdade' in European Portuguese.
  • Using 'ser' for temporary states: está cansado, está doente.