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NASM CWC practice questions

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Question 1Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

In a coaching session, reflective listening is best described as which of the following?

  1. Sharing a similar personal experience so the client feels understood
  2. Asking a series of closed questions to gather detailed facts
  3. Repeating the client's exact words back verbatim to confirm accuracy
  4. Restating the meaning of what the client said in the coach's own words Correct answer.

Explanation

Reflective listening returns the meaning or feeling behind the client's statement rather than echoing the words themselves. It signals empathy and invites the client to elaborate or correct the coach's understanding.

Question 2Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which set of skills makes up the OARS framework used in motivational interviewing?

  1. Observation, agreement, reassurance, support
  2. Outlining, assessing, reviewing, setting goals
  3. Open questions, analysis, reflection, summarizing
  4. Open questions, affirmations, reflections, summaries Correct answer.

Explanation

OARS stands for open-ended questions, affirmations, reflections, and summaries, the core microskills that build a collaborative conversation. These skills keep the client talking and exploring rather than being directed.

Question 3Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says, "I don't see any reason to change my eating habits; everyone in my family eats this way." This statement best fits which stage of change?

  1. Preparation
  2. Maintenance
  3. Action
  4. Precontemplation Correct answer.

Explanation

Precontemplation is characterized by no intention to change within the foreseeable future, often with limited awareness of a problem. The client attributes the behavior to family norms rather than seeing it as something to alter.

Question 4Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

In goal setting, the "M" in SMART stands for which criterion?

  1. Measurable Correct answer.
  2. Meaningful
  3. Motivating
  4. Monitored

Explanation

SMART goals are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. Measurability lets the client and coach track progress objectively rather than judging by feel alone.

Question 5Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

According to self-determination theory, which three psychological needs underlie intrinsic motivation?

  1. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness Correct answer.
  2. Competence, compliance, and commitment
  3. Autonomy, accountability, and consistency
  4. Relatedness, reinforcement, and readiness

Explanation

Self-determination theory holds that people are most motivated when autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied. Coaching that supports these needs tends to sustain engagement over time.

Question 6Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

What is the primary purpose of asking open-ended questions during a coaching session?

  1. To guide the client toward the coach's preferred solution
  2. To invite clients to explore and elaborate on their own experience Correct answer.
  3. To demonstrate the coach's expertise on the topic
  4. To confirm facts quickly and keep the session on schedule

Explanation

Open-ended questions cannot be answered in a word and therefore invite description, reflection, and self-exploration. They keep the conversation client-centered rather than coach-directed.

Question 7Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client discloses symptoms of a clinical condition that falls outside the coach's scope of practice. What is the most appropriate action?

  1. Refer the client to a qualified professional Correct answer.
  2. Continue coaching and treat the symptoms as a coaching obstacle
  3. Persuade the client the symptoms are not serious
  4. Diagnose the condition so the plan can be adjusted

Explanation

Coaches work within a defined scope and do not diagnose or treat clinical conditions. Referring to an appropriate licensed professional protects the client while the coach continues to support behavior goals within scope.

Question 8Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

In motivational interviewing, affirmations are used mainly to do which of the following?

  1. Redirect the client toward the coach's goals for the session
  2. Praise the client's outcomes so the coach appears supportive
  3. Confirm the accuracy of the client's self-report data
  4. Reinforce client strengths and effort the client can own Correct answer.

Explanation

Affirmations highlight genuine strengths, efforts, and values that belong to the client, supporting self-efficacy. They differ from praise because they do not position the coach as the judge of the client's worth.

Question 9Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says, "I know I should start walking, but I'm exhausted after work." Which coach response best demonstrates a complex reflection?

  1. Work leaves you drained, so finding energy to walk feels hard. Correct answer.
  2. You said you know you should start walking.
  3. Have you tried walking in the morning instead?
  4. You should really prioritize your health over everything else in your schedule.

Explanation

A complex reflection goes beyond the client's words to name the underlying meaning or feeling, such as fatigue creating a barrier. Simple reflections merely restate content, while advice-giving steps out of the reflective stance.

Question 10Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client in the contemplation stage is most likely to benefit from which coach approach?

  1. Ending coaching because the client is not yet ready
  2. Skipping straight to a detailed action plan with weekly targets
  3. Congratulating the client for maintaining change for six months
  4. Exploring ambivalence and strengthening reasons for change Correct answer.

Explanation

Contemplation is marked by awareness of a problem alongside ambivalence, so the work is to explore both sides and build motivation. Action planning is premature until commitment strengthens.

Question 11Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which client statement is an example of change talk?

  1. Honestly, my doctor's advice doesn't really apply to me.
  2. My schedule is too chaotic to plan meals.
  3. If I cut out soda, I'd probably sleep better at night. Correct answer.
  4. I've tried programs like this before and none of them worked.

Explanation

Change talk expresses the client's own reasons, ability, need, or desire for change, such as anticipating a benefit. Sustain talk, by contrast, favors the status quo.

Question 12Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

After a client rates the importance of changing a behavior as 4 out of 10, which follow-up question best fits motivational interviewing?

  1. What would it take for you to score a 10 right now?
  2. Would you like me to explain why that score should be higher?
  3. Why a 4 and not a 2? Correct answer.
  4. Why is your score so low?

Explanation

Asking why the client did not choose a lower number elicits the client's own reasons for change that are already present. Questions about why the score is low or what a 10 would require tend to highlight deficits or feel overwhelming.

Question 13Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A coach repeatedly jumps in to correct a client's misconceptions and offers solutions at the first sign of struggle. Which motivational interviewing concept does this behavior violate?

  1. The importance ruler
  2. The righting reflex Correct answer.
  3. The relapse-prevention plan
  4. The decisional balance

Explanation

The righting reflex is the natural urge to fix a client's problem and set them straight. In motivational interviewing it is treated as a hazard because unsolicited correction tends to provoke resistance and reduce client ownership.

Question 14Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says, "You don't understand-my family expects me to cook every night." Which coach response best reflects rolling with resistance?

  1. That sounds like an excuse; plenty of clients with families still manage to meal prep.
  2. You should tell your family they need to help more.
  3. Let's ignore the family piece and focus on your gym schedule.
  4. Family expectations weigh on you and shape what feels possible. Correct answer.

Explanation

Rolling with resistance means acknowledging the client's perspective without arguing, correcting, or pushing harder. A reflective response lowers defensiveness and keeps the client engaged in problem solving.

Question 15Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

According to self-efficacy theory, which source of efficacy information is generally the most powerful?

  1. Observing a similar peer succeed
  2. Verbal persuasion from a credible expert
  3. Mastery experiences from one's own past success Correct answer.
  4. Interpreting physiological arousal as a sign of readiness rather than anxiety

Explanation

Mastery experiences, meaning personally succeeding at the task, provide the strongest evidence to a person that they are capable. Vicarious experience, persuasion, and physiological state interpretation influence efficacy but typically carry less weight.

Question 16Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

What is the main purpose of a decisional balance exercise?

  1. Persuade the client that the benefits outweigh the costs
  2. Help clients weigh pros and cons of changing and not changing Correct answer.
  3. Document the client's readiness score in the coach's session records
  4. Set a firm deadline for the client's first action step

Explanation

A decisional balance invites the client to examine gains and losses of both changing and staying the same. The coach facilitates the exploration without steering the outcome, preserving client autonomy.

Question 17Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which coach behavior best supports client autonomy?

  1. Warning the client about the consequences of noncompliance
  2. Setting the plan yourself so the client avoids mistakes
  3. Using pressure to ensure the client commits to a timeline
  4. Offering a menu of options and letting the client choose Correct answer.

Explanation

Autonomy support means providing meaningful choice and honoring the client's perspective as the decision maker. Collaborative options preserve ownership, which sustains motivation.

Question 18Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which best describes the function of a summarizing statement in a coaching conversation?

  1. It records the client's statements for later documentation
  2. It closes the topic so the coach can move to the next agenda item
  3. It signals that the coach has decided on the appropriate solution
  4. It links what the client shared and highlights key themes Correct answer.

Explanation

A summary gathers and connects what the client has said, often including both change talk and ambivalence, so the client hears their own experience reflected back. It can also serve as a bridge to a new direction when deliberately constructed that way.

Question 19Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

In relapse prevention, how is a lapse best distinguished from a relapse?

  1. A full return to the previous behavior pattern
  2. A planned break from the behavior change plan
  3. A brief slip that can be reframed as learning Correct answer.
  4. The point at which coaching must be discontinued

Explanation

A lapse is a single slip or short return to the old behavior, whereas a relapse is a full return to the previous pattern. Framing a lapse as information helps the client recover quickly instead of abandoning the plan.

Question 20Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client's goal is "walk 30 minutes, five days per week, for the next month." This is best described as which type of goal?

  1. A distal goal
  2. An outcome goal
  3. A behavioral process goal Correct answer.
  4. A subjective goal

Explanation

The goal specifies an observable behavior and a frequency, making it a process goal the client performs. Outcome goals describe end results such as weight or lab values, which are further removed from daily action.

Question 21Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says, "I hate how tired I am, and cutting back on late nights would help, but my friends only hang out after 9." Which response best demonstrates the motivational interviewing spirit of evocation?

  1. On a scale of 1 to 10, how confident are you that you will cut back?
  2. You mentioned feeling tired and also mentioned your friends' schedule.
  3. Late-night socializing is clearly the problem, so you should set a hard stop and stick to it.
  4. You feel pulled between wanting more energy and keeping up with friends. Correct answer.

Explanation

Evocation draws out the client's own reasons and reflects the ambivalence they are voicing. Naming both sides of the pull lets the client hear their own motivations without being pushed toward one.

Question 22Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says, "Honestly, I'll probably quit this program in a month like I always do." What is the most motivational interviewing-consistent response?

  1. Most people who say that do end up quitting, so let's address it.
  2. That kind of negative thinking is exactly what will make you quit.
  3. Let's write a contract so you can't quit this time.
  4. You're worried this will end the way previous attempts did. Correct answer.

Explanation

Reflecting the client's concern acknowledges it without judgment and keeps the door open for exploration. Arguing with the statement or confirming the prediction tends to increase defensiveness and reduce self-efficacy.

Question 23Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client believes strength training will improve her bone density but doubts she can stick with a routine. In social cognitive theory terms, this pattern reflects which combination?

  1. High outcome expectations and high self-efficacy
  2. High outcome expectations and low self-efficacy Correct answer.
  3. High self-efficacy and low outcome expectations
  4. Low outcome expectations and low self-efficacy

Explanation

Outcome expectations concern beliefs that a behavior will produce a given result, while self-efficacy concerns belief in one's capability to perform it. This client expects the benefit but doubts her own follow-through, so efficacy is the target for coaching.

Question 24Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client asks the coach, who also holds a dietitian credential, to provide a detailed medical nutrition therapy plan for a diagnosed condition. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. Provide the plan because the coach holds the dietitian credential and it is convenient
  2. Provide a general plan and label it education to avoid liability concerns
  3. Change the subject without addressing the credential the client noticed
  4. Explain the scope limit and refer to a qualified professional Correct answer.

Explanation

Even with relevant credentials, services delivered must stay within the role being provided and applicable regulations; mixing roles requires clear boundaries. The coach should be transparent about the limit and connect the client with appropriate care rather than stretching the coaching relationship.

Question 25Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

The "spirit" of motivational interviewing is best summarized by which combination?

  1. Assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring
  2. Persuasion, education, structure, and accountability
  3. Directing, following, guiding, and confronting
  4. Partnership, acceptance, compassion, and evocation Correct answer.

Explanation

The spirit of motivational interviewing is collaborative and honors client autonomy while deliberately drawing out the client's own motivation. Compassion orients the work toward the client's welfare, and partnership replaces an expert-on-top dynamic.

Question 26Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

In the four-process model of motivational interviewing, which process involves agreeing on a specific target for change and setting priorities among multiple concerns?

  1. Evoking
  2. Planning
  3. Engaging
  4. Focusing Correct answer.

Explanation

Focusing is the process of developing and maintaining a direction-deciding which concern to work on and in what order. Engaging builds the working relationship, evoking draws out the client's own reasons for change, and planning develops commitment to a specific course of action.

Question 27Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says, "I've been skipping workouts all week, and honestly, part of me is relieved." Which coach response is a complex reflection?

  1. So you skipped your workouts all week long, is that right?
  2. You'll feel better if you put your workouts in your calendar first thing in the morning before the day gets busy.
  3. Relief may be telling you something about how those workouts fit your life. Correct answer.
  4. Why did you skip your workouts this week?

Explanation

A complex reflection adds meaning or inference to what the client said and invites deeper exploration. Simply restating the content is a simple reflection, while advice and questions are not reflections at all.

Question 28Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which statement best describes empathy in a coaching relationship?

  1. Feeling sorry for a client's hardship and reassuring the client that things will improve.
  2. Maintaining emotional distance so the coach's judgment stays completely objective.
  3. Accurately sensing the client's experience and communicating that understanding back. Correct answer.
  4. Sharing a similar personal story so the client knows the coach has been through it too.

Explanation

Empathy means sensing the client's experience accurately and reflecting that understanding so the client feels understood. Sympathy adds pity or reassurance, and personal storytelling shifts focus to the coach.

Question 29Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Within self-determination theory, the need for relatedness is best described as which of the following?

  1. The need for external rewards that confirm the client's progress.
  2. The need to feel in charge of one's own choices and actions.
  3. The need to feel connected to and cared for by others. Correct answer.
  4. The need to feel effective and capable when facing a challenge.

Explanation

Relatedness is the need to feel connected to, cared about, and significant to others. Autonomy concerns volition, competence concerns effectiveness, and external rewards are not a basic psychological need.

Question 30Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client says she intends to walk after work but keeps skipping it. Which strategy most directly converts her intention into an action plan?

  1. Encouraging her to promise herself she will try harder next week.
  2. Having her write out when, where, and how she will walk on specific days. Correct answer.
  3. Discussing how walking will lower her risk of chronic disease.
  4. Reviewing a log of her step counts from the previous month.

Explanation

Specifying when, where, and how a behavior will occur creates an implementation intention that links a cue to action and improves follow-through. The other options build knowledge or general resolve without creating a concrete plan.

Question 31Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client scheduled coaching only because his employer requires it and says he sees no reason to change his eating. Which approach best matches this stage?

  1. Setting a start date for his first dietary change.
  2. Reviewing the health risks of his current diet in detail.
  3. Building rapport and exploring what matters to him without pushing change. Correct answer.
  4. Collaborating on a detailed meal plan with weekly targets.

Explanation

A client who does not yet see the behavior as a problem is in precontemplation, where the coach's task is to build a relationship and explore personal values. Detailed plans and risk education tend to evoke resistance at this stage.

Question 32Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client who has been inactive spends time imagining how she would feel about herself if she became active, and notices how that image conflicts with her current behavior. This best illustrates which process of change?

  1. Self-reevaluation Correct answer.
  2. Contingency management
  3. Consciousness raising
  4. Stimulus control

Explanation

Self-reevaluation is the cognitive-affective reappraisal of oneself with and without the problem behavior, often through imagery. Consciousness raising involves gathering facts, stimulus control alters cues, and contingency management uses consequences.

Question 33Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client's spouse calls the coach and asks what the client discussed in session. What is the most appropriate coach response?

  1. Summarize the sessions briefly as long as the spouse promises to keep it private.
  2. Decline to share any information without the client's written consent. Correct answer.
  3. Share the information because a spouse is part of the client's support system.
  4. Answer only the questions that relate to the client's physical activity plan.

Explanation

Coaching information is confidential, so a coach may not confirm or disclose a client's participation or session content without written consent, except where law requires disclosure. Each of the other options discloses protected information.

Question 34Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

The motivational interviewing element of evocation assumes which of the following?

  1. Clients need information about consequences before they can decide.
  2. Motivation is a fixed trait that can be measured at the start of coaching.
  3. Clients already hold the resources and motivation needed for change. Correct answer.
  4. Coaches should supply the arguments for change when clients hesitate.

Explanation

Evocation rests on the assumption that the client already possesses the capacity, values, and reasons for change, and the coach's job is to draw them out. Supplying arguments or treating motivation as fixed contradicts the approach.

Question 35Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A coach notices she has become impatient with a client who reminds her of a family member. What is the most appropriate first step?

  1. Confront the client about the behaviors that trigger the coach's impatience.
  2. Share the coach's family history with the client to build rapport.
  3. Refer the client to another coach immediately without any discussion.
  4. Recognize the reaction as countertransference and seek supervision or self-reflection. Correct answer.

Explanation

Countertransference refers to the coach's own emotional reactions and unresolved issues being stirred by a client. Ethical practice is to notice the reaction and address it through supervision or reflection rather than in the session.

Question 36Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client from a culture in which extended family shares most meals wants to change her eating. Which coach approach best reflects cultural humility?

  1. Assuming her family will resist any change and planning around that assumption.
  2. Recommending she eat separately from her family so portions can be controlled.
  3. Asking how food fits into her family life and adapting the plan together. Correct answer.
  4. Applying the same nutrition framework the coach uses with every other client.

Explanation

Cultural humility involves curiosity about how the client's culture and family life shape behavior and co-creating a plan within that context. Imposing a standard framework or assuming resistance ignores the client's lived experience.

Question 37Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which coach behavior best communicates active attention during a session?

  1. Finishing the client's sentences to save time.
  2. Typing notes continuously while the client is speaking.
  3. Facing the client with an open posture and appropriate eye contact. Correct answer.
  4. Reading the session agenda while the client talks.

Explanation

Open posture, appropriate eye contact, and orientation toward the client signal presence and attention. Multitasking, interrupting, or diverting attention to materials communicates disengagement.

Question 38Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A coach wants to avoid evoking defensiveness in a client. Which question is most likely to produce defensiveness?

  1. What got in the way since we last spoke?
  2. How would you like to adjust the plan this week?
  3. What would need to be different for the plan to work?
  4. Why haven't you followed through with the plan we made? Correct answer.

Explanation

"Why" questions often imply criticism and invite the client to justify behavior, which can raise resistance. Questions beginning with "what" or "how" invite exploration without the same judgmental tone.

Question 39Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client asks whether her nightly glass of wine is a problem. Which coach response best follows the elicit–provide–elicit sequence?

  1. Reflect the question back to her and move on to the next topic.
  2. Tell her the current guideline limits for alcohol and recommend that she stop drinking entirely to be safe.
  3. Share the guideline limits first and then check whether she understood them.
  4. Ask what she already knows, share the information, then ask what sense she makes of it. Correct answer.

Explanation

Elicit–provide–elicit honors autonomy: draw out existing knowledge, offer information neutrally, then explore the client's interpretation. Delivering advice or information without the final step bypasses collaboration.

Question 40Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which client activity is most likely to increase awareness of a behavior between sessions?

  1. Recording when, where, and how she felt during each snack. Correct answer.
  2. Reading a handout about the benefits of physical activity.
  3. Listening to a podcast about habit formation.
  4. Watching a documentary about nutrition.

Explanation

Self-monitoring builds awareness of the antecedents, context, and consequences of a behavior, which is a foundation for change. Passive educational formats build knowledge but not personal data about one's own behavior.

Question 41Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which action best illustrates enlisting social support for a behavior change?

  1. Asking a friend to walk with her on scheduled mornings. Correct answer.
  2. Tracking her own progress in a journal every evening.
  3. Rewarding herself with a small gift each week she meets her goal.
  4. Keeping the goal private so no one can discourage the client.

Explanation

Social support involves recruiting other people who encourage or take part in the behavior. Self-reward, self-monitoring, and keeping the goal private are separate strategies.

Question 42Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

In relapse prevention, the primary purpose of identifying high-risk situations is to:

  1. Show the client which situations must be avoided permanently.
  2. Determine whether the client is ready to begin coaching.
  3. Prepare specific coping responses before the situations occur. Correct answer.
  4. Document the client's past failures in the coaching record.

Explanation

High-risk situations are identified so the client can rehearse coping responses and plan alternatives in advance. Permanent avoidance of every trigger is unrealistic, and the other options serve administrative rather than preventive aims.

Question 43Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client's goal is "lose 15 pounds in three months." Which adjustment best makes the goal more useful for coaching?

  1. Asking the client to weigh herself daily to stay motivated.
  2. Extending the deadline to six months so the target feels more realistic.
  3. Adding specific weekly behaviors the client will perform and track. Correct answer.
  4. Rewording it as a general wish to be healthier overall.

Explanation

A weight target is an outcome goal; adding specific weekly behaviors creates process goals the client controls and the coach can monitor. Changing the timeline or rewording the goal does not add actionable behavior.

Question 44Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

At the start of a session, a client says she has several concerns and does not know where to start. What is the coach's best first move?

  1. Divide the session evenly so every concern receives the same amount of time.
  2. Help her choose one topic to focus on today and note the others for later. Correct answer.
  3. Choose the topic that the coach believes is most urgent and begin working on that one.
  4. Suggest rescheduling the session until she can decide which concern matters most.

Explanation

Collaboratively prioritizing one topic while preserving the others for later keeps the session focused and respects the client's autonomy. The coach choosing alone or trying to cover everything reduces both autonomy and depth.

Question 45Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client falls silent after a difficult reflection and looks at the floor. What is the most appropriate coach response?

  1. Change the subject to something lighter to relieve the tension.
  2. Fill the silence with suggestions so the client does not feel awkward.
  3. Allow the silence and then invite the client to share what is coming up. Correct answer.
  4. End the session early since the client has stopped participating.

Explanation

Silence often signals reflection or emotion and can be a productive part of the conversation. Filling it, avoiding the topic, or ending the session removes the opportunity for the client to process.

Question 46Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A strengths-based coach working with a client who mentions that he is persistent and loyal would most likely:

  1. Recommend a program to correct his weaknesses first.
  2. Keep the discussion centered on the behaviors he needs to fix.
  3. Ask how those qualities have helped him through past challenges. Correct answer.
  4. Focus the conversation on qualities the client currently lacks.

Explanation

Strengths-based coaching identifies existing qualities such as persistence and loyalty and explores how they can be applied to the current goal. Focusing on deficits or fixing problems contradicts this orientation.

Question 47Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

Which client statement reflects intrinsic motivation?

  1. I want to keep hiking with my grandkids as they grow up. Correct answer.
  2. I get a cash bonus from my employer when I hit my steps.
  3. I work out because my partner says I have to.
  4. I walk so I do not lose the bet I made with my brother.

Explanation

Intrinsic motivation arises from internal satisfaction or personally meaningful values, such as being active with grandchildren. External rewards, bets, and pressure from others are forms of extrinsic motivation.

Question 48Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A client wants to stop snacking while watching television each night. Which strategy applies stimulus control?

  1. Planning a reward for each evening she avoids snacking.
  2. Keeping a food diary of every snack she eats after dinner.
  3. Reminding herself of the health consequences of late-night snacking.
  4. Keeping snack foods out of the room where she watches television. Correct answer.

Explanation

Stimulus control changes the environment so cues for the unwanted behavior are removed and cues for the desired behavior are added. Monitoring, education, and rewards do not alter the cues that trigger the behavior.

Question 49Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

A coach leads a values clarification exercise primarily so the client can:

  1. Connect behavior change to what matters most to her in life. Correct answer.
  2. Decide which goal would be the easiest to achieve first.
  3. Compare her progress with that of other clients in similar programs.
  4. Identify which health behaviors carry the greatest medical risk.

Explanation

Values clarification links goals to what the client cares about most, which sustains effort when obstacles arise. Risk ranking, social comparison, and ease of achievement serve different purposes.

Question 50Coach–Client Relationship and Behavior Change

As a client nears the end of a coaching agreement, which coach action best supports long-term maintenance?

  1. Reviewing progress, anticipating obstacles, and helping her build her own support plan. Correct answer.
  2. Extending the coaching agreement indefinitely so that the client never has to lose the accountability of weekly sessions.
  3. Ending contact abruptly so the client is forced to rely only on herself.
  4. Transferring responsibility for all follow-up to the client's physician.

Explanation

Ending well means consolidating gains and planning for maintenance, including anticipating obstacles and building supports the client owns. Abrupt endings or indefinite dependence undermine self-sufficiency.