NAVLE cheat sheet

Canine normal rectal temperature is 38.0–39.2°C; feline is 38.1–39.2°C; adult dog heart rate is about 60–160 bpm and cat 140–220 bpm.

Canine parvovirus: fecal antigen ELISA; leukopenia and bloody diarrhea; IV crystalloids, antiemetics, analgesia, and isolation reduce mortality.

Feline urethral obstruction: hyperkalemia may cause bradycardia, tall T waves, and wide QRS; relief of obstruction and potassium correction are emergency priorities.

Heartworm: antigen test detects adult female Dirofilaria immitis; microfilaria test assesses circulating larvae; cats may be antigen-negative with disease.

Feline hyperthyroidism: high total T4, weight loss, polyphagia, tachycardia, goiter; methimazole or radioiodine are treatment options.

Canine hyperadrenocorticism: PU/PD, pot belly, hypertension, elevated ALP; low-dose dexamethasone suppression and ACTH stimulation are diagnostic tests.

GDV: deep-chested breeds; shock, tympany, nonproductive retching; decompress stomach, resuscitate, and pursue surgery; arrhythmias common.

Feline panleukopenia: parvovirus causing leukopenia, vomiting, diarrhea; vaccination prevents; isolate and support with fluids and antiemetics.

Dose volume (mL) = dose (mg/kg) × weight (kg) / concentration (mg/mL); shock bolus is 20–30 mL/kg in dogs and 10–15 mL/kg in cats.

Adult horse normal: rectal temperature 37.5–38.5°C, heart rate 28–44 bpm, respiratory rate 8–16/min; foals have higher rates.

Colic with large-volume nasogastric reflux suggests small intestinal obstruction or ileus; persistent pain and reflux often require surgical evaluation.

Laminitis: Obel grades 1–4; radiographs assess distal phalanx rotation and hoof wall separation; endocrine disease and sepsis are common triggers.

PPID: hirsutism, delayed shedding, laminitis, elevated ACTH; pergolide is standard; EMS shows insulin dysregulation and obesity.

Strangles: Streptococcus equi; fever, nasal discharge, submandibular abscess; guttural pouch carriers require isolation and testing.

EHV-1: respiratory disease, abortion, myeloencephalopathy; vaccination reduces abortion/respiratory disease but not reliably the neurologic form.

Rhodococcus equi: foal pneumonia with abscesses; ultrasound and culture; azithromycin plus rifampin is common; environmental dust management.

Equine recurrent uveitis: miosis, aqueous flare, hypopyon; topical atropine and anti-inflammatories; blindness and recurrence are common.

Acute ruminal acidosis: grain overload, rumen pH <5.5, rumenitis, diarrhea, laminitis; fluids, bicarbonate, and transfaunation are treatments.

Milk fever: periparturient hypocalcemia; weakness, recumbency, tachycardia; IV calcium slowly with cardiac auscultation.

Bovine ketosis: negative energy balance, elevated BHBA, anorexia, reduced milk; propylene glycol and glucose precursors are used.

Left displaced abomasum: left ping after calving; surgery or rolling; hypocalcemia and ketosis predispose.

Calf diarrhea: rotavirus, cryptosporidium, E. coli, coronavirus; dehydration and acidosis; oral electrolytes for mild, IV fluids for severe.

BRD: Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma bovis; fever, cough, dyspnea; antibiotics and supportive care.

Mastitis: elevated somatic cell count; culture-guided antibiotics; observe milk withdrawal to avoid residues.

Ovine pregnancy toxemia: late gestation, twins, hypoglycemia, ketosis; glucose, propylene glycol, and early delivery are treatments.

Rabbit teeth are elodont and grow continuously; malocclusion causes drooling, anorexia, and GI stasis; dental trimming and dietary hay are management.

Guinea pigs require dietary vitamin C; deficiency causes scurvy, poor wound healing, weakness, and joint pain.

Reptiles need UVB, calcium, and vitamin D3; deficiency causes metabolic bone disease with soft bones, tremors, and fractures.

Birds have air sacs, no diaphragm, and a unidirectional respiratory system; inhaled toxins and respiratory disease can be severe.

Zoonoses include rabies, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, ringworm, and toxoplasmosis; hand hygiene and vaccination reduce transmission.

A valid VCPR requires knowledge of the animal and owner and availability for follow-up; prescribing requires a VCPR.

Controlled substances require secure storage, accurate logs, and compliance with DEA/veterinary regulations; records are auditable.

Antimicrobial stewardship: culture and susceptibility when possible; narrow-spectrum therapy; observe withdrawal times in food animals.