NAVLE flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Feline panleukopenia virus

Feline panleukopenia is caused by a parvovirus that destroys rapidly dividing cells, producing leukopenia, vomiting, diarrhea, and high mortality; vaccination and supportive care are central.

Canine parvovirus antigen test

A fecal ELISA detects canine parvovirus antigen and is useful in dogs with acute bloody diarrhea, vomiting, and leukopenia; false negatives can occur early in infection.

Urethral obstruction hyperkalemia

Feline urethral obstruction can cause life-threatening hyperkalemia with bradycardia, tall T waves, and widened QRS; relieve obstruction and correct potassium emergently.

Heartworm antigen test

The heartworm antigen test detects adult female Dirofilaria immitis antigen; it can be negative early or in cats, and microfilaria testing assesses transmission risk.

Feline hyperthyroidism diagnosis

Feline hyperthyroidism typically shows elevated total T4 with weight loss, polyphagia, tachycardia, and a palpable thyroid nodule; methimazole or radioiodine treats it.

Canine hyperadrenocorticism

Canine hyperadrenocorticism causes polyuria, polydipsia, pot-belly, hypertension, and elevated alkaline phosphatase; low-dose dexamethasone suppression and ACTH stimulation support diagnosis.

Gastric dilatation-volvulus

Gastric dilatation-volvulus occurs in deep-chested dogs and requires shock resuscitation, gastric decompression, and surgery; ventricular arrhythmias and gastric necrosis are common complications.

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture causes acute lameness, stifle effusion, and positive cranial drawer or tibial thrust; surgical stabilization is common in dogs.

Canine distemper signs

Canine distemper virus causes fever, respiratory and gastrointestinal signs, hyperkeratosis, and neurologic disease; inclusion bodies may be found and vaccination prevents infection.

Fluid bolus volumes

A canine shock bolus is often 20–30 mL/kg and a feline bolus 10–15 mL/kg of crystalloid, reassessing perfusion after each bolus to avoid overload.

Equine normal vital signs

Adult horses normally have a rectal temperature of 37.5–38.5°C, heart rate of 28–44 beats per minute, and respiratory rate of 8–16 breaths per minute.

Equine colic reflux

Nasogastric reflux in a horse with colic suggests small intestinal obstruction or ileus; volumes over several liters and persistent pain often indicate need for surgery.

Equine laminitis Obel grades

Obel grades 1–4 describe increasing laminitic pain from shifting weight to recumbency; radiographs assess hoof wall separation and distal phalanx rotation.

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

PPID in horses causes hirsutism, delayed shedding, laminitis, and elevated ACTH; pergolide is the standard treatment and insulin dysregulation may coexist.

Strangles in horses

Strangles is caused by Streptococcus equi, causing fever, nasal discharge, and abscessed submandibular lymph nodes; guttural pouch carriers require isolation and testing.

Equine herpesvirus-1

Equine herpesvirus-1 causes respiratory disease, abortion, and myeloencephalopathy; vaccination reduces abortion and respiratory signs but does not reliably prevent neurologic form.

Rhodococcus equi foal pneumonia

Rhodococcus equi causes chronic abscessing pneumonia in foals, often with fever and cough; ultrasound and culture guide azithromycin-rifampin therapy and environmental control.

Equine recurrent uveitis

Equine recurrent uveitis presents with miosis, aqueous flare, hypopyon, and pain; topical atropine and anti-inflammatories control signs, but blindness and recurrence are common.

Rumen acidosis

Ruminal acidosis follows grain overload, lowering rumen pH below 5.5 and causing rumenitis, diarrhea, laminitis, and dehydration; treatment includes fluids, bicarbonate, and transfaunation.

Milk fever

Periparturient hypocalcemia in dairy cows causes weakness, recumbency, and tachycardia; intravenous calcium rapidly corrects signs but must be given slowly with cardiac monitoring.

Bovine ketosis

Bovine ketosis reflects negative energy balance with elevated beta-hydroxybutyrate, anorexia, and decreased milk; propylene glycol and glucose precursors treat it and improve energy intake.

Left displaced abomasum

A left displaced abomasum produces a left-sided ping and reduced appetite after calving; surgery or rolling corrects displacement, and hypocalcemia and ketosis are common predisposing conditions.

Calf diarrhea fluid therapy

Calf diarrhea causes dehydration and metabolic acidosis; oral electrolyte solutions work for mild cases, while severe dehydration requires intravenous crystalloids and bicarbonate assessment.

Bovine respiratory disease

Bovine respiratory disease involves Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma bovis; fever, cough, and dyspnea are treated with antibiotics and supportive care.

Mastitis somatic cell count

Somatic cell count rises with intramammary infection; culture and susceptibility guide therapy, and milk withdrawal times must be observed for antibiotic residues.

Pregnancy toxemia in ewes

Ovine pregnancy toxemia occurs in late gestation with twin lambs, causing hypoglycemia, ketosis, and lethargy; glucose, propylene glycol, and early delivery are key treatments.

Rabbit gastrointestinal stasis

Rabbit gastrointestinal stasis causes anorexia, small or absent feces, dehydration, and pain; fluids, analgesia, and prokinetic support are used while dental and dietary causes are corrected.

Guinea pig vitamin C

Guinea pigs cannot synthesize vitamin C and develop scurvy with poor appetite, weakness, and wound healing; fresh greens or stabilized vitamin C supplementation prevent deficiency.

Reptile metabolic bone disease

Reptile metabolic bone disease results from calcium, vitamin D3, or UVB deficiency, causing soft bones, tremors, and fractures; correct diet, lighting, and calcium supplementation.

Avian air sacs

Birds have air sacs and a unidirectional respiratory system, making inhaled toxins and respiratory disease serious; birds lack a diaphragm and rely on thoracic muscles for ventilation.

Veterinarian-client-patient relationship

A valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship requires the veterinarian to know the animal and owner and be available for follow-up; it is required for prescribing and many treatments.

Zoonotic disease examples

Rabies, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, ringworm, and toxoplasmosis are zoonoses; infection control, hand hygiene, and vaccination reduce transmission between animals and people.