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CAQ-Peds study materials
CAQ-Peds study resources

CAQ-Peds cheat sheet

CAQ-Peds · Keep the key ideas within reach.

Quick reference

Pediatrics

  • Normal pediatric vital signs vary by age: newborn HR 100–160, RR 30–60; infant HR 100–150, RR 25–40; toddler HR 90–140, RR 20–30; preschool HR 80–120, RR 20–25; school-age HR 70–110, RR 18–25; adolescent HR 60–100, RR 12–20.

  • Pediatric weight estimation: 1–12 months: weight (kg) = (age in months + 9)/2; 1–6 years: weight (kg) = 2 × (age in years) + 8; 7–12 years: weight (kg) = (7 × age in years − 5)/2.

  • Pediatric blood pressure norms: systolic = 80 + (2 × age in years); diastolic = 2/3 systolic. Hypotension defined as systolic < 70 + (2 × age) for ages 1–10; < 90 for ages ≥10.

  • APGAR scoring at 1 and 5 minutes: Appearance (0 blue/pale, 1 acrocyanosis, 2 pink), Pulse (0 absent, 1 <100, 2 >100), Grimace (0 none, 1 grimace, 2 cry), Activity (0 flaccid, 1 some flexion, 2 active), Respiration (0 absent, 1 slow/irregular, 2 good cry). Score 0–3 = severely depressed; 4–6 = moderately depressed; 7–10 = normal.

  • Developmental milestones: 2 months – social smile, lifts head; 4 months – rolls front to back, laughs; 6 months – sits with support, babbles; 9 months – sits alone, pincer grasp emerging; 12 months – walks with assistance, says first word; 18 months – walks alone, 10–20 word vocabulary; 24 months – runs, 2-word sentences.

  • Pediatric fluid maintenance (Holliday-Segar): 100 mL/kg/day for first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg/day for next 10 kg, 20 mL/kg/day for each kg above 20. Hourly rate = daily volume / 24.

  • Pediatric resuscitation: compressions at 100–120/min, depth one-third AP chest diameter (approx. 4 cm infant, 5 cm child), compression:ventilation ratio 30:2 for single rescuer, 15:2 for two rescuers. Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg IV/IO (0.1 mL/kg of 1:10,000) every 3–5 min.

  • Fever definition: rectal temperature ≥38.0°C (100.4°F). Fever without source in infants <3 months requires full sepsis evaluation (CBC, blood culture, urinalysis, urine culture, CSF analysis) and empiric antibiotics.

  • Kawasaki disease diagnostic criteria: fever ≥5 days plus ≥4 of: bilateral conjunctival injection, oral mucous membrane changes (strawberry tongue, cracked lips), polymorphous rash, extremity changes (erythema/edema then desquamation), cervical lymphadenopathy >1.5 cm. Treatment: IVIG 2 g/kg and high-dose aspirin.