COMPRO CBT Exam flashcards
COMPRO CBT Exam · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Bit
- A bit is the smallest unit of digital data, representing one binary state, either 0 or 1. Eight bits form one byte.
- CPU fetch-decode-execute cycle
- The processor repeatedly fetches an instruction from memory, decodes what operation it specifies, executes it using the ALU or control unit, and stores the result.
- RAM versus ROM
- RAM is volatile working memory that loses data when power is off. ROM is non-volatile memory holding permanent startup instructions such as BIOS firmware.
- Address bus width
- The number of address lines determines how much memory a CPU can address: n lines allow 2 raised to the power n unique addresses.
- Absolute path
- A path that starts from the root directory or drive letter and gives the complete location of a file, such as C:\Users\Ann\report.docx.
- NTFS
- The default Windows file system supporting large volumes, file-level permissions, encryption, compression, journaling, and files larger than 4 GB.
- Virtual memory
- An operating system technique that uses disk space as an extension of RAM, moving inactive pages to a swap or page file.
- Incremental backup
- A backup that copies only files changed since the most recent backup of any type, making it fast but requiring the full chain to restore.
- Word wrap
- Automatic movement of text to the next line when the current line reaches the right margin, without the user pressing Enter.
- Section break
- A formatting mark that divides a document into sections, allowing different margins, orientation, headers, or page numbering in each part.
- Mail merge
- A feature combining a main document with a data source, such as a spreadsheet, to generate personalized copies like letters or labels.
- Track changes
- A review mode that records insertions, deletions, and formatting edits so reviewers can accept or reject each change later.
- Absolute cell reference
- A reference written with dollar signs, such as $B$4, that stays fixed when a formula is copied to another cell.
- #DIV/0! error
- A spreadsheet error shown when a formula divides by zero or by an empty cell, which must be corrected or trapped with IFERROR.
- PivotTable
- An interactive summary tool that groups and aggregates large data sets by dragging fields into rows, columns, values, and filter areas.
- Relative cell reference
- A reference like A1 that adjusts its row and column automatically when the formula is copied or filled to a new location.
- Slide master
- A template layer storing fonts, colors, logos, and placeholder positions that apply consistently to every slide using that layout.
- Transition versus animation
- A transition is the effect between slides; an animation applies to individual objects or text on a single slide.
- Presenter view
- A speaker display showing the current slide, next slide, notes, and a timer on the presenter's screen while the audience sees only slides.
- Speaker notes
- Hidden text attached to each slide that the presenter can read in Presenter view or print; the audience does not see it.
- DNS
- The Domain Name System translates human-readable domain names such as example.com into numeric IP addresses that computers use to route traffic.
- Bcc field
- Blind carbon copy: recipients listed here receive the email but their addresses are hidden from other recipients, protecting privacy.
- IMAP
- An email retrieval protocol that stores messages on the server and synchronizes read status and folders across multiple devices.
- HTTPS
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure encrypts browser-server traffic using TLS, typically on port 443, protecting passwords and form data.
- Primary key
- A field or combination of fields that uniquely identifies each record in a table; it cannot contain duplicate or null values.
- Foreign key
- A field in one table that references the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity and creating relationships between tables.
- First normal form
- A table design rule requiring every field to hold a single atomic value, with no repeating groups or lists in one cell.
- SQL SELECT
- The statement used to retrieve data, commonly written as SELECT columns FROM table WHERE condition ORDER BY column.
- Phishing
- A social engineering attack using fake emails, messages, or websites to trick people into revealing passwords, card numbers, or other sensitive data.
- Multi-factor authentication
- A login method requiring two or more independent credentials, such as a password plus a one-time code or fingerprint, so one stolen factor is not enough.
- Ransomware
- Malicious software that encrypts files or locks a device and demands payment, usually in cryptocurrency, for the decryption key.
- CIA triad
- The three core security goals: confidentiality keeps data private, integrity keeps it accurate and unaltered, and availability keeps it accessible.