Nail Care
This domain tests nail anatomy, growth, manicure and pedicure protocol, implement safety, and recognition of disorders that require referral. Expect questions on the nail plate, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, lunula, and service contraindications.
Nail anatomy
- The nail plate is the visible hard nail. The nail bed supports it. The matrix produces the plate; the lunula is the visible portion of the matrix.
- The cuticle is nonliving tissue at the base of the plate; the eponychium is the living skin fold above it. The hyponychium seals the free edge.
- Nails grow about one-eighth inch per month, with toenails growing more slowly than fingernails.
Service protocol
- Sanitize your hands and the client's hands, inspect for disorders, then shape, push back cuticle gently, clean under the free edge, massage, and polish.
- Use light filing pressure; excessive sawing can split natural nail edges. Keep implements clean and disinfected between clients.
- Do not service inflamed, swollen, broken, or infected skin; refer to a physician.
Worked example
A client has a green-black discoloration under a lifted nail plate. Reasoning: this suggests a bacterial or fungal condition, not polish stain. You do not apply product, do not file over the area, and refer the client for medical assessment. You then discard disposable implements and disinfect reusable ones.
Traps that cost marks
- Cutting living cuticle instead of gently pushing it back.
- Treating a visible disorder as a cosmetic problem.
- Skipping disinfection between clients.
- Using too much filing pressure or heat.
- Confusing the lunula with the cuticle.