NHA CPCT/A flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Normal adult oral temperature
- Approximately 36.5 to 37.5 degrees Celsius, or 97.6 to 99.6 degrees Fahrenheit, measured with the thermometer under the tongue for the manufacturer-recommended time.
- Radial pulse technique
- Place two fingers on the thumb side of the wrist and count beats for 30 seconds, multiplying by two, or count a full 60 seconds for irregular rhythms.
- Orthostatic hypotension threshold
- A systolic drop of at least 20 mmHg or a diastolic drop of at least 10 mmHg within three minutes of moving from lying to standing, often with dizziness.
- Fowler position
- A bed position with the head of the bed elevated 45 to 60 degrees, used to ease breathing and reduce pressure on the abdomen.
- Trendelenburg position
- A position with the head of the bed lowered and the feet elevated, sometimes used to promote venous return in selected emergencies.
- Wong-Baker FACES scale
- A pain rating tool using six drawn faces from smiling to crying, scored zero to ten, designed for children or patients who cannot use numbers.
- FLACC pain scale
- A behavioral pain tool scoring Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability from zero to ten, used for infants and nonverbal patients.
- Active range of motion
- Joint movement performed by the patient without physical assistance, which maintains muscle strength and joint flexibility.
- Chain of infection
- Six linked elements: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host; breaking one link stops spread.
- Five moments of hand hygiene
- Hand hygiene before patient contact, before aseptic tasks, after body fluid exposure risk, after patient contact, and after touching patient surroundings.
- Alcohol hand rub limits
- Alcohol-based rub is used when hands are not visibly soiled; soap and water is required for visible soil and for spore-forming organisms such as Clostridioides difficile.
- Doffing PPE order
- Remove gloves first, then goggles or face shield, then gown, then mask or respirator, performing hand hygiene between steps and after removal.
- Airborne precautions
- Used for pathogens spread by small particles that remain suspended in air, requiring an N95 respirator and a negative-pressure room.
- Droplet precautions
- Used for pathogens spread by large droplets from coughing or sneezing, requiring a mask when working within about three feet of the patient.
- Contact precautions
- Used for pathogens spread by direct or indirect touch, requiring gown and gloves for every patient or environment contact.
- Needlestick first response
- Immediately wash the puncture site with soap and water, report the exposure, and follow the facility post-exposure evaluation and prophylaxis protocol.
- RACE fire response
- Rescue anyone in danger, Alarm the fire alarm, Contain the fire by closing doors, and Extinguish or Evacuate as directed.
- Order of draw rationale
- Tube sequence prevents additive cross-contamination; culture first, then citrate, serum, heparin, EDTA, and gray tubes last.
- Light blue citrate tube
- Contains sodium citrate for coagulation tests; it must be filled to the marked line and gently inverted to avoid a short-draw error.
- Tourniquet time limit
- Leave the tourniquet on no longer than one minute, because prolonged constriction causes hemoconcentration and falsely elevated potassium.
- Preferred venipuncture veins
- The median cubital vein is first choice, followed by the cephalic and basilic veins in the antecubital fossa.
- Hemolysis effect on results
- Ruptured red blood cells falsely raise potassium, LDH, and AST; prevent by using proper needle size and avoiding vigorous mixing.
- Capillary puncture site
- Use the lateral side of the distal phalanx of a finger in adults and children, and the lateral or medial heel in infants.
- 24-hour urine collection
- Discard the first void, then collect all urine for 24 hours including the final void at the endpoint, keeping the container refrigerated.
- Standard 12-lead EKG
- Uses ten electrodes: four limb electrodes and six precordial electrodes V1 through V6, producing twelve recorded views of the heart.
- Limb lead placement
- Right arm and left arm electrodes on the arms, left leg and right leg on the legs, with the right leg electrode serving as ground.
- V1 electrode location
- Placed in the fourth intercostal space at the right sternal border; V2 sits opposite at the left sternal border.
- EKG paper calibration
- Standard speed is 25 millimeters per second and gain is 10 millimeters per millivolt; one small box equals 0.04 seconds.
- Rate from large boxes
- Divide 300 by the number of large boxes between two R waves; for example, four large boxes equals 75 beats per minute.
- Normal sinus rhythm criteria
- Rate 60 to 100, regular rhythm, a P wave before every QRS, PR interval 0.12 to 0.20 seconds, and QRS under 0.12 seconds.
- EKG artifact causes
- Movement, muscle tremor, loose or dried electrodes, and electrical interference distort the tracing; correct by cleaning skin and repositioning electrodes.
- Holter versus event monitor
- A Holter monitor records 24 to 48 hours continuously, while an event monitor is worn longer and records only when symptoms occur.