Exterior and Site
Water management
Almost every exterior defect is a water problem in disguise. The grade should slope away from the house - a common standard is 6 inches of fall in the first 10 feet. Downspouts should discharge several feet from the foundation, splash blocks should be in place, and window wells should drain. Negative grade, a settled walkway against the wall, or soil in contact with wood siding and trim all invite moisture and insects.
Steps, guards and decks
Memorize a few dimensions: riser maximum 7¾ inches, tread minimum 10 inches, handrail 34–38 inches above the nosing, guardrail at least 36 inches high, and guard openings that will not pass a 4-inch sphere. On stairs, the triangular opening between riser, tread and guard must not pass a 6-inch sphere. Check that deck ledgers are bolted or lagged to the house with flashing above, that joist hangers use proper fasteners, that posts connect to footings, and that guards are supported by posts rather than by the rim alone.
Chimneys and masonry
Chimney rule of thumb: the top should be at least 3 feet above the roof surface and 2 feet above anything within 10 feet. Look for a cracked crown, missing cap or spark arrestor, deteriorated mortar joints and rusted dampers.
Rule of thumb
A new deck, porch or addition without visible footings or flashing is a reportable condition, not a cosmetic issue - recommend evaluation by a qualified contractor and note that permits are unknown.