VMBO GL/TL Engels flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Globaal lezen

Reading strategy in which you first look at title, headings and topic sentences to grasp the main idea of a text before answering detailed questions about it.

Scanning

Quickly moving your eyes through a text looking only for specific information such as a name, number or date, without reading every word in detail.

Signaalwoord contrast

Words such as however, although, but and nevertheless show that the writer introduces an opposite or unexpected idea compared with the previous sentence.

Signaalwoord oorzaak

Words like because, since, as and due to indicate that the following part of the sentence gives the reason for something that is stated.

Signaalwoord gevolg

Connectors such as therefore, so, as a result and consequently announce that the next sentence describes the result or consequence of what came before.

Citeeropdracht

Question type in which you must copy the exact words from the text between quotation marks, staying within the given line numbers and without changing or shortening them.

Referentiewoord

A pronoun or short phrase such as it, they, this or which that points back to an earlier noun phrase; you find its meaning by substituting candidates into the sentence.

Woordenschat raden

Working out the meaning of an unknown word from the context of the sentence and from prefixes or suffixes such as un-, re-, -less and -ful.

Afleider in meerkeuzevraag

An answer option that sounds plausible or is generally true but is not supported by the specific text fragment the question refers to, so it is incorrect.

Onderwerp van de tekst

The central idea the whole text is about, usually found in the title, the introduction and the concluding paragraph rather than in one single detail.

Doel van de schrijver

The reason a writer produced a text, for example to inform, to persuade, to warn, to entertain or to give instructions; the tone and word choice reveal it.

Vraag lezen vooraf

Reading the question and answer options before the audio starts, so you know which information to listen for while the fragment is playing.

Synoniemen herkennen

In listening tests the correct option usually uses different words from the audio, so you must link the meaning rather than wait for identical wording.

Signaalwoord in spraak

Spoken markers such as but, actually, however and to be honest that often introduce the speaker's real opinion or the answer to the question.

Zelfcorrectie van spreker

When a speaker says a number or time and then corrects it, for example 'at nine, no, half past nine'; the final version is the one that counts.

Intonatie en toon

The rise and fall of a speaker's voice and the emotion it carries, which help you decide whether someone is enthusiastic, doubtful, annoyed or neutral.

Letterlijk genoemd antwoord

An option that repeats words heard in the fragment but does not answer the question, which usually asks about intention, opinion or conclusion.

Steekwoorden noteren

Writing down a few key words per question while listening, so you keep track of the content without trying to write out complete sentences.

Doel van de spreker

Whether the speaker wants to inform, persuade, warn or amuse the listener, recognisable from direct address, examples and the overall tone of the fragment.

Mening versus feit

A fact can be checked and is stated neutrally, while an opinion contains evaluation or feeling, often signalled by words like should, terrible or I think.

Tweede luisterbeurt

The replay of a fragment; use it to check answers you were unsure about and to confirm details you noted during the first listening.

Aanhef formele brief

The opening line of a formal letter or email, such as Dear Mr Jones, when you know the name, or Dear Sir or Madam, when the name is unknown.

Afsluiting formele brief

The closing formula, for example I look forward to hearing from you, followed by Yours sincerely with a known name or Yours faithfully with Dear Sir/Madam.

Yours sincerely of faithfully

Use Yours sincerely when the letter opens with a person's name, and Yours faithfully when it opens with Dear Sir or Madam; never mix the two.

Bulletpoints afvinken

Checking off every required content point in the assignment and giving each one its own sentence or paragraph, because a missing point costs marks.

Formeel register

Language without contractions, slang or dialect, using full forms such as do not and polite formulas like I would like to and thank you for your help.

Contractions vermijden

In formal writing, write do not instead of don't, cannot instead of can't and I would instead of I'd, because shortened forms make the text informal.

Connectieven gebruiken

Linking words such as however, therefore, in addition and nevertheless that connect sentences and make the structure of your text clear to the reader.

Woordenaantal bewaken

Staying inside the word limit given in the assignment; count your words and add or cut content so the required points are fully worked out.

Werkwoordstijden consistent

Keeping one main tense throughout the text, usually present for current situations and past for finished events, and checking subject-verb agreement.

Hoofdletters Engels

Capitalise I, names of people, countries, languages, days and months, and the first word of every sentence; Dutch rules for these do not all apply.

Nederlandse woordvolgorde

An error in English writing where the Dutch order of subject, object and verb or the place of adverbs is copied, producing unnatural English sentences.

Laatste controle

The final minutes in which you reread your text for spelling, verb forms, capital letters and whether the salutation and closing formula match each other.