NM Esthetician flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Disinfection
- Disinfection is a process that destroys most pathogenic microorganisms on nonporous surfaces and implements, but it does not reliably destroy bacterial spores.
- Sterilization
- Sterilization destroys all microbial life, including bacterial spores, viruses, and fungi, and is required for items that penetrate skin or contact sterile body areas.
- Sanitizing
- Sanitizing reduces the number of microorganisms on a surface to a level considered safe by public health standards; it is not the same as disinfection.
- Standard precautions
- Standard precautions require treating all blood, body fluids, nonintact skin, and mucous membranes as potentially infectious and using barriers such as gloves when contact is likely.
- Handwashing duration
- Effective handwashing includes wetting hands, applying soap, lathering for at least 20 seconds, scrubbing all surfaces and under nails, rinsing, and drying with a disposable towel.
- Tuberculocidal disinfectant
- An EPA-registered hospital disinfectant labeled tuberculocidal is used for blood or body-fluid spills and contaminated implements because it kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is considered broad-spectrum.
- Sharps container
- A sharps container is puncture-resistant, leakproof, closable, and labeled for biohazard waste; used needles and blades go directly into it without recapping by hand.
- Stratum basale
- The stratum basale is the deepest epidermal layer; it contains mitotic keratinocytes that renew the epidermis and melanocytes that produce melanin for transfer to keratinocytes.
- Stratum corneum
- The stratum corneum is the outermost epidermal layer of flattened, keratinized cells that provide the primary barrier against water loss, chemicals, and microorganisms.
- Papillary dermis
- The papillary dermis is the upper dermal layer with loose connective tissue, capillaries, and nerve endings; it supports the epidermis and participates in nutrient exchange.
- Sebaceous gland
- Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily mixture of lipids, and are most abundant on the face, scalp, chest, and upper back; activity is influenced by androgens.
- Fitzpatrick scale
- The Fitzpatrick scale classifies skin types I through VI by constitutive color and burning or tanning response to ultraviolet radiation; it guides photoprotection and energy-device settings.
- Transepidermal water loss
- Transepidermal water loss is the movement of water through the epidermis to the environment; it increases when barrier lipids are depleted and signals compromised barrier function.
- Informed consent
- Informed consent is a documented discussion of a service's risks, benefits, alternatives, aftercare, and likely outcomes that the client signs before treatment begins.
- SOAP note
- A SOAP note records Subjective information from the client, Objective observations, Assessment of skin and treatment needs, and Plan for treatment and home care.
- Patch test
- A patch test applies a small amount of product to a discreet area and observes it for 24 to 48 hours to detect an allergic or irritant reaction before full application.
- Contraindication
- A contraindication is a condition or circumstance that makes a treatment unsafe or inadvisable, such as active infection, open skin, severe sunburn, or an uncontrolled medical condition.
- Scope of practice
- Scope of practice defines the services and decisions an esthetician is legally trained and licensed to perform; diagnosing skin disease and prescribing medication are outside that scope.
- Treatment plan
- A treatment plan documents goals, recommended services, frequency, home care, expected downtime, contraindications, and a reevaluation date; it is updated as the client responds.
- Anagen phase
- Anagen is the active growth phase of the hair cycle, when hair is most effectively removed by waxing or laser because the follicle is actively producing a hair shaft.
- Hard wax
- Hard wax is applied without a muslin strip and removed after it sets; it is useful for sensitive areas and short hair because it grips hair without adhering strongly to skin.
- Chemical peel
- A chemical peel applies an exfoliating agent to remove controlled layers of skin; depth depends on the agent, concentration, pH, application time, and skin preparation.
- Salicylic acid
- Salicylic acid is a lipid-soluble beta hydroxy acid that penetrates sebaceous follicles and helps loosen keratin; it is used for acne-prone and oily skin.
- Extraction
- Extraction is the manual removal of a visible comedo or pustule using gentle pressure and gloved fingers or cotton-wrapped tools; inflamed cysts are not extracted.
- Laser hair reduction
- Laser hair reduction targets melanin in hair follicles to damage active growth structures; it requires eye protection and is avoided on tanned skin or with photosensitizing medications.
- Post-wax care
- Post-wax care includes soothing the skin, avoiding heat, sun, friction, and exfoliation for 24 to 48 hours, and recommending broad-spectrum sunscreen to reduce irritation and pigmentation.
- Color correction
- Color correction uses complementary colors to neutralize unwanted tones: green cancels redness, peach or orange cancels blue-purple, and yellow cancels purple or dark circles.
- Foundation matching
- Foundation is matched to the jawline and neck in natural light, considering undertone and surface tone, because testing on the hand often gives an inaccurate color match.
- Lash extension isolation
- Lash extension isolation means attaching one extension to one natural lash without bridging multiple lashes; proper isolation prevents pulling, discomfort, and premature lash loss.
- Microdermabrasion
- Microdermabrasion is mechanical exfoliation using a vacuum with crystals or a diamond tip; it is avoided over active acne, rosacea, telangiectasia, and recently treated skin.
- LED therapy
- LED therapy uses nonthermal light wavelengths; blue light is used for acne-associated bacteria and red light for anti-inflammatory and healing support, with eye protection required.
- Keystone pricing
- Keystone pricing sets retail price at twice the wholesale cost; service prices instead must cover time, product cost, overhead, and profit margin.