TU CMAT Masters flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Subject-verb agreement

A verb must match its subject in number. Intervening phrases are ignored, and with either/or or neither/nor the verb agrees with the nearer subject.

Dangling modifier

An introductory descriptive phrase that fails to attach to the subject of the main clause, producing an illogical sentence such as "Walking home, the sign was seen."

Fewer versus less

Fewer is used with countable plural nouns, as in fewer students. Less is used with mass nouns and measurements, as in less water or less than ten rupees.

Affect versus effect

Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence. Effect is usually a noun meaning result or outcome, as in the effect of the policy.

Comprise

A verb meaning to consist of or include. It takes a direct object with no of, so a committee comprises members, not comprises of members.

Successive percentage change

Two changes of a percent and b percent produce a net change of a plus b plus ab divided by 100. A 20 percent rise then 10 percent fall nets about 8 percent.

Compound interest formula

Amount equals principal times one plus rate over 100, raised to the number of years. For half-yearly compounding, halve the rate and double the periods.

Profit percent

Profit percent equals selling price minus cost price, divided by cost price, times 100. It is always computed on cost price, not on selling price.

Alligation rule

A method for mixing two priced quantities. The ratio of cheaper to dearer quantity equals dearer price minus mean, over mean minus cheaper price.

Quadratic sum and product

For ax squared plus bx plus c equals zero, the sum of roots is negative b over a and the product is c over a.

Combined work rate

When two workers finish a job in a and b days alone, together they take ab divided by a plus b days, since their rates add.

Valid syllogism form

All A are B together with All B are C yields All A are C. A conclusion is valid only if it holds in every possible arrangement of the premises.

Alphabet reverse position

Each letter has a forward position from A equals one to Z equals twenty-six. The reverse position equals twenty-seven minus the forward position.

Direction sense method

Sketch each turn on a compass. Net displacement is the straight-line distance between start and end, found by Pythagoras on the total north-south and east-west legs.

Seating arrangement facing rule

Left and right reverse depending on facing direction. For a person facing south, their left is the observer's right, so fix one certain seat first.

Nepal legislature size

Nepal's House of Representatives has 275 members, 165 elected first-past-the-post and 110 by proportional representation. The National Assembly has 59 members.

Nepal local units

Nepal has 7 provinces and 753 local units: 6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, and 460 rural municipalities.

Nepal Rastra Bank

Nepal's central bank, responsible for monetary policy, currency issue, banking regulation, and publishing official foreign exchange rates used in trade reporting.

Nepal fiscal year

Nepal's fiscal year begins on Shrawan 1, around mid-July, and ends around mid-July the next year. The annual budget is presented before it starts.

Accounting equation

Assets equal liabilities plus equity. Every transaction under double-entry bookkeeping preserves this balance, which underlies the balance sheet.

Debit and credit rules

Debits increase assets and expenses. Credits increase liabilities, equity, and revenue. Total debits must equal total credits in every journal entry.

Current ratio

Current assets divided by current liabilities. It measures short-term liquidity, and the quick ratio is the same measure with inventory removed.

Break-even quantity

Fixed costs divided by price minus variable cost per unit. At that volume total revenue equals total cost and profit is zero.

Marketing mix 4Ps

The four controllable marketing elements: product, price, place, and promotion. Each is adjusted to match the target segment and stage of the product life cycle.

Herzberg two factors

Hygiene factors such as pay and working conditions prevent dissatisfaction but do not motivate. Motivators such as achievement and recognition create genuine satisfaction.

Span of control

The number of subordinates reporting to one manager. A narrow span creates a taller hierarchy with more levels; a wide span creates a flatter structure.

Median versus mean

The median is the middle value of ordered data and resists outliers. The mean is the sum divided by n and is pulled strongly by extreme values.

Coefficient of variation

Standard deviation divided by the mean, times 100. It compares relative variability between datasets measured in different units or with different averages.

Absolute versus relative reference

In spreadsheets, a dollar-signed reference such as $A$1 stays fixed when copied, while a plain reference such as A1 shifts by the copied rows and columns.

Index number

A value expressed relative to a base period: current value divided by base value, times 100. The base period is assigned an index of 100.

Percentage points versus percent

A change from 20 percent to 25 percent is 5 percentage points but a 25 percent relative increase. The two expressions are not interchangeable.

Standard deviation

The square root of variance, expressing typical distance from the mean in the original units. A small value means observations cluster tightly around the mean.