NHPC BMLT study guide
NHPC BMLT · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.
The NHPC BMLT examination is the licensing assessment administered by the Nepal Health Professional Council for graduates of Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Technology programmes who wish to register and practise as medical laboratory technologists in Nepal. It is intended for candidates who have completed an accredited BMLT degree and need council registration before employment in hospitals, diagnostic laboratories, public health laboratories and teaching institutions. The NHPC BMLT study guide has 11 sections and about 3,474 words.
01Clinical Biochemistry
Clinical biochemistry in the NHPC BMLT paper tests whether you can select the right specimen, understand the analytical principle behind a method, and interpret a panel against method-dependent reference intervals. Expect acid–base problems, renal and liver profiles, enzymology, glucose and lipid disorders, and pre-analytical errors that change results.
354 words, about 2 min02Clinical Microbiology (Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology, Parasitology)
Clinical microbiology spans bacteriology, virology, mycology and parasitology. The exam tests specimen selection, staining, culture media, identification schemes, and how susceptibility results are reported and interpreted.
330 words, about 2 min03Hematology and Blood Transfusion Science
Hematology and blood transfusion science covers the complete blood count, anaemia classification, haemostasis testing and safe transfusion. The exam favours interpretation: which red cell indices point to which cause, which coagulation test explores which pathway, and which step prevents a haemolytic transfusion reaction.
318 words, about 2 min04Clinical Pathology and Body Fluid Analysis
Clinical pathology and body fluid analysis covers urinalysis, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural and ascitic fluid, and synovial fluid. The exam tests systematic description, quantitative chemistry and the reasoning that separates a transudate from an exudate or a traumatic tap from subarachnoid haemorrhage.
320 words, about 2 min05Histopathology and Cytology
Histopathology and cytology tests specimen handling from theatre to slide: fixation, processing, staining, and the limits of frozen section and fine-needle aspiration. Fix in 10% neutral buffered formalin at roughly ten times the specimen volume; fixation delay and under-fixation are the commonest causes of poor morphology.
292 words, about 1 min06Medical Laboratory Instrumentation
Medical laboratory instrumentation tests how analysers generate a number and how that number can go wrong. Expect spectrophotometry, ion-selective electrodes, flame photometry, centrifugation, automated chemistry and haematology analysers, and the molecular platforms now used for PCR.
304 words, about 2 min07Quality Control and Laboratory Management
Quality control and laboratory management tests whether you can prove a result is trustworthy and run a laboratory safely. Expect internal quality control, external quality assessment, Westgard rules, documentation, biosafety and audit.
315 words, about 2 min08Immunology and Serology
Immunology and serology tests the immune response and the assays that detect it: antibody structure, complement, ELISA, agglutination, immunofluorescence and the serology of HIV, hepatitis B and autoimmune disease. IgG is the main circulating antibody and crosses the placenta; IgM is a pentamer and appears first in infection; IgA is a dimer with secretory component; IgE mediates type I hypersensitivity.
309 words, about 2 min09Medical Ethics, Professional Conduct and Health Law
Medical ethics, professional conduct and health law tests how a laboratory professional behaves when a result, a colleague or a patient creates a conflict. The NHPC framework links registration and scope of practice with consent, confidentiality and accountability.
309 words, about 2 min10Basic Medical Sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Pharmacology)
Basic medical sciences underpin every laboratory result. The exam uses anatomy, physiology, pathology and pharmacology to explain why an analyte changes, not to test rote recall.
286 words, about 1 min11Public Health, Epidemiology and Infection Prevention
Public health, epidemiology and infection prevention tests how disease is measured, how outbreaks are investigated, and how laboratories prevent transmission. Expect rates, screening statistics, sterilisation and waste management.
337 words, about 2 min