Science and Technology (विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि): Concepts, Diagrams and Numericals
Science and Technology (विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि)
The SEE Science and Technology paper tests physics, chemistry, biology and simple technology applications. Questions ask for definitions, labelled diagrams, cause–effect explanations and numerical solutions, so a correct answer without a unit or a diagram label can lose marks.
Core rules
- Physics: use F = ma, W = Fd, P = W/t and V = IR; state the SI unit with every numerical answer.
- Chemistry: distinguish element, compound and mixture; use litmus, methyl orange or phenolphthalein to test acids and bases; balance equations atom by atom.
- Biology: label cell parts and their functions; know that photosynthesis stores energy and respiration releases it; trace a food chain from producer to consumer.
- Technology: link a device to the scientific principle it uses, e.g. a solar panel to the photoelectric effect.
Worked example
A force acts on a 5 kg mass and produces an acceleration of 2 m/s². Find the force. F = ma = 5 kg × 2 m/s² = 10 N. Reasoning: mass is in kilograms and acceleration in metres per second squared, so the answer is in newtons; no conversion is needed because the units are already SI.
Traps
- Confusing mass (kg) with weight (N).
- Writing a chemical equation without balancing it.
- Reversing the arrow in a food chain or ignoring the decomposer.
- Mixing series and parallel rules: current is the same in series, voltage is the same in parallel.
- Labeling a diagram with the wrong term, such as naming the nucleus as the cell wall.