SEE Social Studies Nepal flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Muluki Ain 1854

Nepal's first comprehensive legal code, issued by Jung Bahadur Rana. It legally organized society by caste hierarchy and codified discriminatory practices that later laws repealed.

Caste discrimination ban 1963

The Muluki Ain of 1963 abolished untouchability and caste-based discrimination in law. The 2011 Caste-based Discrimination and Untouchability Act strengthened punishment for such offences.

Physiographic zones of Nepal

Three north-to-south belts: the Mountains (Himal), the Hills (Pahar), and the Terai (Madhes). Each has distinct altitude, climate, farming patterns, and population density.

Terai region features

The southern plain belt of Nepal, about 17 percent of the land area, with fertile alluvial soil, tropical climate, dense population, and major grain farming. It borders India.

Himal region features

The northern high-mountain belt with snow peaks, alpine climate, sparse population, transhumance herding, and tourism based on trekking and mountaineering. It covers roughly 15 percent of Nepal's area.

Climate belts by altitude

Tropical below 1,000 m, subtropical 1,000-2,000 m, temperate 2,000-3,000 m, alpine 3,000-4,000 m, and snow or tundra above 4,000 m. Temperature falls as elevation rises.

Constitution of Nepal 2015

Promulgated on 20 September 2015, it established a federal democratic republic with secular status, 7 provinces, 753 local units, 35 parts, 308 articles, and 9 schedules.

Constitution of 1990

This constitution restored multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy after the 1990 People's Movement. It replaced the partyless Panchayat system that had ruled since 1962.

Panchayat system

A partyless political system in Nepal from 1962 to 1990 under the 1962 constitution, in which the king held executive power and political parties were banned.

Federal structure of Nepal

Nepal has three tiers of government: federal, 7 provincial governments, and 753 local units (6 metropolitan cities, 11 sub-metropolitan cities, 276 municipalities, 460 rural municipalities).

Article 18 right to equality

The 2015 Constitution guarantees equality before law and prohibits discrimination on grounds of origin, religion, race, caste, sex, language, or disability.

Right against untouchability

Article 24 of the 2015 Constitution forbids untouchability and caste-based discrimination in any form, public or private, and makes such acts punishable by law.

Right to education

Article 31 of the 2015 Constitution guarantees free basic education and free secondary education in law, and compulsory basic education for all children.

Fundamental duties

Article 48 of the 2015 Constitution lists duties such as safeguarding national unity, protecting public property, and conserving the environment and national heritage.

Directive principles

Part 4 of the 2015 Constitution sets policy goals for the state, such as raising living standards, ending discrimination, and promoting social justice. These are not enforceable in court.

Ten life skills

WHO's core life skills: self-awareness, empathy, critical thinking, creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, effective communication, interpersonal relationship, coping with stress, and coping with emotion.

Critical thinking skill

The ability to analyze information and weigh evidence before judging. It helps a person resist rumors, misinformation, peer pressure, and harmful social customs.

Decision making steps

Identify the problem, list options, weigh consequences of each option, choose the best one, act on it, and review the result. Following these steps reduces impulsive choices.

Coping with stress

Managing pressure through healthy means such as exercise, rest, time management, talking to trusted people, and breathing control. It avoids harmful substitutes like alcohol or drugs.

Empathy

The ability to understand and share another person's feelings. It supports cooperation, tolerance, and respectful behaviour toward people of different caste, religion, or gender.

Sustainable Development Goals

Seventeen global goals adopted by the UN in 2015 to be met by 2030. They cover poverty, hunger, health, education, gender equality, clean water, and climate action.

Human Development Index

A UNDP measure combining life expectancy, education years, and per-capita income. It ranks countries by health, knowledge, and standard of living, not income alone.

Contour lines

Map lines joining points of equal elevation. Close spacing shows a steep slope; wide spacing shows a gentle slope; circles inside circles may show a hill or a depression.

Map scale

The ratio between map distance and ground distance. A scale of 1:50,000 means 1 cm on the map equals 50,000 cm, or 500 m, on the ground.

Nepal's major rivers

Saptakoshi, Gandaki, and Karnali are the three main snow-fed river systems. The Koshi has seven tributaries, which is why it is called Saptakoshi.

Economic sectors

Primary sector (farming, forestry, mining), secondary sector (manufacturing, industry), and tertiary sector (trade, transport, tourism, services). Nepal's economy is dominated by primary and tertiary work.

Remittance economy

Money sent home by Nepali workers abroad. It is one of Nepal's largest sources of foreign currency and supports household consumption more than industrial production.

SAARC

The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, founded in 1985 with headquarters in Kathmandu. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

United Nations founding

The UN was founded on 24 October 1945 after World War II. Nepal joined in 1955. The UN aims to maintain peace, protect human rights, and promote development.

Non-aligned movement

A grouping of states that avoided formal alliance with either superpower bloc during the Cold War. Nepal's Panchayat era used non-alignment and the zone of peace idea.

Socialization agents

Family is the primary agent; school, peers, media, religion, and workplace are secondary agents. They transmit norms, values, language, and skills to individuals.

Gender equality

Equal rights, opportunities, and treatment for all genders. In Nepal it includes equal inheritance rights, equal pay, and representation in elected bodies and public offices.