NYS Math Grade 4 key terms

The value a digit has because of the position it holds in a number. In 4,582 the 5 means 5 hundreds, or 500, while the 8 means 8 tens, or 80.

A number written with digits only, in the usual way, such as 3,706. Each digit's position tells its place value.

A number broken apart to show the value of each digit, written as a sum. For example, 4,205 is written as 4,000 + 200 + 5.

A number written out in words, such as three thousand seven hundred six. It shows how the number is read aloud.

Replacing a number with a nearby number of a chosen place value. You look at the digit to the right: 5 or more rounds up, 4 or less stays the same.

Deciding which of two numbers is greater or whether they are equal, using the symbols >, <, and =. Comparing starts with the digits in the greatest place value.

A reasonable answer close to the exact amount, often found by rounding numbers before computing. Estimating helps you check whether an exact answer makes sense.

The result of adding two or more numbers together. In 348 + 276 = 624, the sum is 624.

The result of subtracting one number from another. In 900 − 457 = 443, the difference is 443.

The result of multiplying two or more factors. In 6 × 7 = 42, the product is 42.

A number that is multiplied in a multiplication expression. In 8 × 3 = 24, both 8 and 3 are factors. A factor also divides a whole number evenly.

The result of multiplying a whole number by any counting number. Multiples of 4 include 4, 8, 12, 16, and so on.

The result of dividing one number by another. In 56 ÷ 8 = 7, the quotient is 7.

The number being divided in a division problem. In 45 ÷ 9, the dividend is 45.

The number you divide by in a division problem. In 45 ÷ 9, the divisor is 9.

The amount left over when a number does not divide evenly. Dividing 23 by 5 gives a quotient of 4 with a remainder of 3.

An arrangement of objects in equal rows and columns used to model multiplication and division. A 3-by-4 array shows 12 objects.

A whole number greater than 1 with exactly two factors: 1 and itself. Examples are 2, 3, 5, 7, and 11.

A whole number greater than 1 that has more than two factors. For example, 12 has factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12.

Different fractions that name the same amount, such as 1/2 and 2/4. Multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number creates them.

The top number of a fraction. It tells how many equal parts are being counted or described.

The bottom number of a fraction. It tells the total number of equal parts in the whole.

A fraction with a numerator of 1, such as 1/3 or 1/8. It represents one equal part of a whole.

A number made of a whole number and a fraction, such as 2 1/4. It can be rewritten as a fraction greater than one.

A fraction whose numerator is greater than or equal to its denominator, such as 7/4. Its value is one or more wholes.

A number written using a decimal point to show parts of a whole based on tenths and hundredths. For example, 0.75 means 75 hundredths.

The dot in a decimal number that separates the whole-number part from the fractional part. Digits to its right show tenths, hundredths, and so on.

The number of square units needed to cover a flat shape without gaps or overlaps. Area is measured in square units such as square centimeters.

The distance all the way around the outside of a shape. For a rectangle, it equals twice the length plus twice the width.

A four-sided shape with four right angles and opposite sides equal. Its area equals length times width.

A line that divides a shape into two matching halves that fold onto each other exactly. A square has four lines of symmetry.

A figure formed by two rays that share the same endpoint, called the vertex. Angles are measured in degrees.

An angle that measures exactly 90 degrees, like a corner of a square. It can be marked with a small square symbol.

A tool used to measure and draw angles. It shows degree marks from 0 to 180 along a curved edge.

A number line marked with an X above each data value to show how often it occurs. It displays the spread of measurements such as lengths.

Information collected by counting or measuring, often organized in tables, line plots, or graphs so it can be interpreted.

Two whole numbers whose product is a given number. For 12, the factor pairs are 1 and 12, 2 and 6, and 3 and 4.