NYSTCE Health Education flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Definition of health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being rather than merely the absence of disease or infirmity, as defined in the WHO constitution.

Chain of infection

Six linked elements: pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. Breaking any single link prevents transmission.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of a population that must be immune to interrupt sustained transmission, calculated as one minus one divided by the basic reproduction number.

Incubation period

The interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of the first symptom or sign of illness.

Vehicle-borne transmission

Indirect transmission through a contaminated inanimate object or substance, such as food, water, blood, or a fomite like a shared towel.

Vector-borne transmission

Indirect transmission in which an arthropod, such as a mosquito, tick, or flea, carries the pathogen from one host to another.

Levels of prevention

Primary prevents onset before disease occurs, secondary detects disease early, and tertiary limits disability and restores function after disease is established.

Noncommunicable disease burden

Cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease cause roughly seventy percent of deaths worldwide, driven by tobacco, diet, inactivity, and alcohol.

Macronutrient energy values

Carbohydrate and protein supply about four kilocalories per gram, fat supplies about nine, and alcohol supplies about seven but is not a nutrient.

Adult aerobic activity guideline

At least 150 minutes weekly of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes weekly of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity, plus muscle strengthening on two or more days.

Youth physical activity guideline

Children and adolescents should accumulate sixty minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily, including aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening activity.

MyPlate plate proportions

Half the plate fruits and vegetables, with vegetables favoring dark green, red, and orange types plus legumes; grains at least half whole; the remainder lean protein.

Body mass index formula

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Adult categories: underweight below 18.5, normal 18.5 to 24.9, overweight 25 to 29.9, obese 30 and above.

Added sugar and saturated fat limits

Dietary guidelines recommend keeping added sugars and saturated fat each below ten percent of total daily calories, with sodium under 2,300 milligrams per day for most adults.

Piaget formal operational stage

From about age eleven onward, adolescents reason abstractly and hypothetically, enabling analysis of consequences and testing of health-related propositions without concrete examples.

Erikson adolescent psychosocial stage

Identity versus role confusion, in which adolescents form a coherent sense of self; health education supports exploration and clarification of values and goals.

Kohlberg conventional reasoning

Reasoning driven by approval from others and by law-and-order maintenance of social rules, typical of adolescence and central to rules-based safety instruction.

Maslow hierarchy order

Needs ordered from physiological, to safety, to belonging and love, to esteem, to self-actualization; lower needs generally must be met before higher ones motivate behavior.

Standard drink equivalence

0.6 fluid ounces of pure alcohol, equal to 12 ounces of five percent beer, 5 ounces of twelve percent wine, or 1.5 ounces of eighty-proof distilled spirits.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

The leading preventable cause of intellectual disability, resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure; no safe amount or trimester of alcohol use has been established.

Opioid overdose reversal

Naloxone, an opioid antagonist that restores breathing within minutes; it does not reverse alcohol, benzodiazepine, or stimulant overdose.

Alcohol withdrawal risk

Abrupt cessation in dependent individuals can cause seizures and delirium tremens, which can be fatal; medically supervised withdrawal with benzodiazepines is standard.

Suicide risk warning signs

Prior attempt, access to lethal means, withdrawal, giving away possessions, hopelessness, and sudden calm after agitation; asking directly about intent does not increase risk.

Kubler-Ross grief stages

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance; they are descriptive rather than strictly sequential, and individuals may skip, repeat, or never reach stages.

National Health Education Standards

Eight standards covering functional knowledge, analyzing influences, accessing information and services, communication, decision making, goal setting, self-management, and advocacy.

PRECEDE-PROCEED phases

Social, epidemiological, educational and ecological, and administrative and policy assessment; then implementation, process, impact, and outcome evaluation in a planning model.

Measurable objective components

A well-written objective specifies the audience, the observable behavior, the condition under which it occurs, and the criterion or degree of acceptable performance.

Formative versus summative assessment

Formative assessment monitors learning during instruction to adjust teaching; summative assessment judges achievement at the end of a unit or course.

Reliability versus validity

Reliability is consistency of scores across occasions, items, or raters; validity is the degree to which an instrument measures the construct it intends to measure.

Criterion-referenced scoring

Performance is compared to a defined standard or learning objective rather than to the scores of other test takers, as in norm-referenced interpretation.

Bloom revised taxonomy order

Remember, understand, apply, analyze, evaluate, create; objective verbs should match the intended cognitive level of the learning activity.

FERPA and HIPAA in schools

FERPA governs education records held by schools receiving federal funds; HIPAA covers protected health information held by covered entities such as health care providers.