NCEA Level 2 Home Economics cheat sheet
NCEA Level 2 Home Economics · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Factors that influence the wellbeing of individuals and families within the home and community
Wellbeing has four commonly assessed dimensions: physical (health, nutrition, safety), mental/emotional (self-esteem, stress, belonging), social (relationships, support networks, community participation) and material/financial (income, housing, access to resources).
Maslow's hierarchy orders needs from physiological (food, shelter, sleep) through safety, belonging/love, esteem, to self-actualisation; lower needs generally must be met before higher ones motivate behaviour.
The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion identifies five actions: build healthy public policy, create supportive environments, strengthen community action, develop personal skills, and reorient health services.
Determinants of health fall into categories: social (income, education, employment, social support), physical environment (housing quality, water, air), and individual factors (genetics, lifestyle, coping skills).
Socioeconomic status links to wellbeing through three pathways: material resources (what money can buy), psychosocial stress (relative deprivation, control), and health behaviours (diet, exercise, smoking).
Family wellbeing is shaped by family type (nuclear, sole-parent, blended, extended, whānau), stage of the family life cycle, roles and responsibilities, and communication patterns.
Cultural identity and cultural safety influence wellbeing; for Māori, models such as Te Whare Tapa Whā describe four walls - taha tinana (physical), taha hinengaro (mental), taha whānau (social/family) and taha wairua (spiritual).
Social connectedness protects wellbeing: strong support networks buffer stress, while isolation and loneliness are associated with poorer mental and physical health outcomes.
Resource management decisions (budgeting, time use, energy use) affect wellbeing because they determine how well needs are met with limited resources; opportunity cost is what is given up when a resource is allocated one way.