NCEA Level 2 Home Economics flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Wellbeing

The state of being healthy, happy and comfortable, assessed across physical, mental and emotional, social, and material or financial dimensions.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

A model ordering human needs from physiological and safety needs up to belonging, esteem and self-actualisation, with lower needs generally met first.

Ottawa Charter

A World Health Organization framework for health promotion with five actions, including building healthy public policy and creating supportive environments.

Social determinants of health

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age, such as income, education, employment and social support.

Socioeconomic status

A person's or family's social and economic position, usually measured by income, education and occupation, which strongly predicts wellbeing outcomes.

Te Whare Tapa Whā

A Māori health model comparing wellbeing to a house with four walls: taha tinana, taha hinengaro, taha whānau and taha wairua.

Taha whānau

The social and family dimension of Te Whare Tapa Whā, covering relationships, belonging, care for others and connection to community.

Taha wairua

The spiritual dimension of Te Whare Tapa Whā, covering sense of purpose, values, identity and connection to ancestors and environment.

Family life cycle

The stages a family passes through, from couple formation and raising young children to launching children and later life, each with different needs.

Nuclear family

A household made up of two parents and their dependent children, a common but not universal family structure in New Zealand.

Blended family

A household formed when adults with children from previous relationships combine, creating step-relationships and shared caregiving arrangements.

Extended family

A household or support network including relatives beyond parents and children, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins.

Whānau

A Māori concept of extended family and connection, extending beyond blood ties to include shared responsibility, support and identity.

Social connectedness

The degree to which a person feels part of a social network with meaningful relationships, which buffers stress and supports health.

Loneliness

A distressing feeling of lacking meaningful social contact, distinct from being alone, and linked to poorer mental and physical health.

Support network

The people and services a person can rely on for practical help, information and emotional support, such as family, friends and agencies.

Cultural safety

Practice that recognises and respects a person's cultural identity and power differences, ensuring services are appropriate and free from discrimination.

Material wellbeing

Having sufficient income, housing and goods to meet needs and participate in society, a key resource-based dimension of overall wellbeing.

Housing quality

The physical condition of a dwelling, including warmth, dryness, ventilation and safety, which directly affects health and wellbeing.

Food security

Reliable access to enough safe, nutritious and culturally appropriate food to support an active and healthy life.

Resource management

Deciding how to use limited resources such as money, time, energy and skills to best meet individual and family needs and goals.

Opportunity cost

The value of the next best alternative given up when a resource such as money or time is used for one purpose.

Needs versus wants

Needs are essentials required for survival and wellbeing, such as food and shelter; wants are desirable extras that improve comfort but are not essential.

Budget

A plan that matches expected income to planned spending and saving over a set period, helping a family meet needs and goals.

Disposable income

The money remaining after tax and essential costs, available for saving, discretionary spending or other goals.

Stress

The body's response to demands or pressure, which can motivate short-term but harms health and relationships when prolonged.

Coping strategies

Actions people use to manage stress, such as problem-solving, seeking support, exercise, rest and relaxation, or reframing a situation.

Resilience

The capacity to recover from adversity and adapt to change, supported by strong relationships, skills and a sense of purpose.

Community participation

Involvement in local groups, volunteering, sport or decision-making, which builds belonging and shared resources for wellbeing.

Social capital

The value of relationships, trust and networks within a community, which can be drawn on for support, information and cooperation.

Equity

Fairness in access to resources and opportunities, recognising that people may need different support to achieve similar outcomes.

Health promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health, through supportive environments, skills and policy.