Technological Knowledge
Technological Knowledge examines the bodies of knowledge technologists use and generate, and how those are validated. The external standards focus on technological modelling, material development, and the relationship between technological knowledge and other knowledge such as science and mathematics.
Core ideas
- Technological modelling: functional models test design concepts (does the mechanism work?), while prototypes test the full outcome in its intended context. Modelling supports informed decision-making and risk reduction.
- Material development: new materials are created by manipulating structure and properties (e.g., composites, alloys, treated timber). Selection depends on properties matched to function, not on cost alone.
- Interdisciplinary knowledge: technological knowledge is not applied science. Science explains why a material behaves as it does; technology asks what will work reliably and economically. Matauranga Maori is a valid knowledge system in design, especially for land, water, and materials.
Worked example
A team is choosing a material for a beachfront bike rack. They compare 304 stainless steel and hot-dip galvanised mild steel. Science explains corrosion; technological knowledge tests both in salt spray and under load. Functional modelling with a scale joint shows the galvanised bracket deforms at 40 kg; the stainless version holds 120 kg. The team selects stainless steel despite a higher cost because the specification requires 10 years in a coastal environment. They record the trade-off between cost and durability.
Traps
- Claiming a model proves the outcome works when it only tested one feature.
- Describing a material's properties without linking them to the design function.
- Treating science as the only source of valid knowledge; the standard expects you to discuss the interrelationship, including matauranga Maori.
- Forgetting that material development includes process changes, not just new substances.