OMSB Dentist flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Universal tooth numbering

Permanent teeth are numbered 1 through 32, starting with the maxillary right third molar and ending with the mandibular right third molar. Primary teeth use letters A through T.

Eruption age first molar

The permanent first molar typically erupts around 6 to 7 years of age, often before any primary tooth is lost, making it the cornerstone of the permanent dentition.

G.V. Black Class II

A Class II cavity involves the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth, including premolars and molars. It may be accessed from the occlusal or facial/lingual approach.

Reversible pulpitis

Reversible pulpitis produces sharp, provoked pain that resolves quickly after the stimulus is removed. The pulp remains vital and typically responds to conservative treatment.

Irreversible pulpitis

Irreversible pulpitis causes spontaneous or lingering pain, often to cold or heat, indicating pulpal damage beyond repair. Root canal treatment or extraction is usually required.

Lidocaine maximum dose

Lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine has a maximum recommended dose of 7 mg/kg, roughly 4.4 cartridges for a 70 kg adult. Exceeding this raises toxicity risk.

Antibiotic prophylaxis indication

AHA guidelines recommend prophylaxis before invasive dental procedures for prosthetic valves, prior infective endocarditis, certain congenital heart disease, and cardiac transplant with valvulopathy.

Avulsed permanent tooth

Replant an avulsed permanent tooth immediately if possible. If dry time is under 60 minutes, replant and splint flexibly for about two weeks. Never replant primary teeth.

Ludwig angina

Ludwig angina is a rapidly spreading cellulitis involving bilateral submandibular, sublingual, and submental spaces. It causes floor-of-mouth elevation and threatens the airway.

Working length determination

Working length is established with apex locators and periapical radiographs, typically ending 0.5 to 1.0 mm short of the radiographic apex to avoid overinstrumentation.

Sodium hypochlorite irrigation

Sodium hypochlorite at 0.5% to 5.25% is the primary endodontic irrigant for tissue dissolution and antimicrobial action. Rubber dam isolation is required during use.

Crown preparation reduction

Typical crown preparation reduces 1.5 to 2.0 mm occlusally and 1.0 to 1.5 mm axially. Finish lines include chamfer, shoulder, and knife-edge, with supragingival margins preferred.

Osseointegration timeline

Osseointegration of dental implants typically takes 3 to 6 months depending on site, bone quality, and loading protocol. CBCT guides preoperative bone assessment.

Oral cancer red flags

Non-healing ulcer over two weeks, induration, fixed mass, unexplained bleeding, paresthesia, and cervical lymphadenopathy warrant biopsy or urgent referral for suspected malignancy.

Leukoplakia versus erythroplakia

Leukoplakia is a white patch that cannot be diagnosed as another condition. Erythroplakia is a red patch with a higher risk of malignant transformation.

Dentigerous cyst

A dentigerous cyst surrounds the crown of an impacted or unerupted tooth, commonly a mandibular third molar. It is the most common developmental odontogenic cyst.

Ameloblastoma

Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor, most often in the posterior mandible. Treatment usually requires resection with adequate margins to prevent recurrence.

Fluoride varnish frequency

Fluoride varnish is applied two to four times yearly for children at high caries risk. It is also used for root caries prevention in adults with exposed root surfaces.

First dental visit

A child's first dental visit should occur by the first birthday or within six months of the first tooth erupting, establishing a dental home and prevention habits.

Angle Class II

Angle Class II malocclusion has the mandibular first molar positioned distally relative to the maxillary first molar, often with an overjet and a retrusive mandible.

Xerostomia management

Xerostomia from medications or disease increases caries and candidiasis risk. Management includes fluoride, saliva substitutes, hydration, and medication review.

ALARA principle

ALARA means keeping radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable. It guides radiograph selection, collimation, shielding, and the use of digital sensors.

TMD conservative therapy

Temporomandibular disorders are first managed conservatively with soft diet, jaw rest, physical therapy, and analgesics. Surgery is reserved for refractory cases.

Total-etch bonding

Total-etch bonding uses phosphoric acid to etch enamel and dentin, then a primer and adhesive. Dentin should remain moist to avoid collagen collapse.

Glass ionomer cement

Glass ionomer cement bonds chemically to tooth structure and releases fluoride. It is used for luting, liners, and restorations in low-stress areas.

Zirconia restorations

Zirconia offers high flexural strength and is used for crowns and bridges. Surface treatment such as airborne-particle abrasion improves bond strength to resin cement.

DMFT index

The DMFT index counts decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth to measure caries experience in a population. It is a core dental public health indicator.

Informed consent elements

Valid informed consent requires patient capacity, adequate disclosure of risks and alternatives, and voluntary agreement. Documentation of the discussion is essential.

Maxillary first molar canals

The maxillary first molar typically has three roots and four canals: mesiobuccal one, mesiobuccal two, distobuccal, and palatal. The second mesiobuccal canal is often missed.

Nitrous oxide sedation

Nitrous oxide and oxygen sedation is titrated to effect with continuous monitoring. It is contraindicated in some respiratory conditions and requires adequate recovery before discharge.

Anaphylaxis management

Anaphylaxis in the dental office is treated with intramuscular epinephrine, oxygen, and emergency services. Positioning and airway support are immediate priorities.

Autoclave sterilization

Critical dental instruments require autoclave sterilization, typically at 121 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes or 134 degrees Celsius for 3 to 4 minutes, with monitoring.