OSAT Elementary Education (OK150/OK151) cheat sheet

Phonemic awareness: ability to hear and manipulate individual phonemes (e.g., /k/ /a/ /t/); phonics: matching sounds to letters/graphemes.

Five essential components of reading: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, comprehension (National Reading Panel).

Fluency = accuracy + automaticity + prosody; measured by words correct per minute (WCPM) and expression.

Comprehension strategies: predicting, questioning, visualizing, summarizing, inferring, monitoring; gradual release: modeled → guided → independent.

Text complexity: quantitative (readability, e.g., Lexile), qualitative (levels of meaning, structure, knowledge demands), reader/task factors.

Writing process: planning, drafting, revising, editing, publishing; traits: ideas, organization, voice, word choice, sentence fluency, conventions.

Vocabulary tiers: Tier 1 basic words, Tier 2 general academic (e.g., 'compare'), Tier 3 domain-specific (e.g., 'photosynthesis').

Literacy assessment: screening, diagnostic, progress monitoring, outcome; running records and miscue analysis reveal cueing systems (semantic, syntactic, graphophonic).

U.S. Constitution: Preamble, seven articles, 27 amendments; Bill of Rights = first 10; separation of powers with checks and balances.

Three branches: legislative (Congress: House 435, Senate 100), executive (President), judicial (Supreme Court, judicial review from Marbury v. Madison, 1803).

Federalism: enumerated (delegated), reserved, and concurrent powers; Supremacy Clause (Article VI).

Major eras: Exploration, Colonial, Revolution (1775–1783), Constitutional (1787), Westward Expansion, Civil War (1861–1865), Reconstruction, Industrialization, World Wars, Cold War, Civil Rights.

Geography themes: location, place, human–environment interaction, movement, region; map tools: scale, legend, compass rose, latitude/longitude.

Economics basics: scarcity, opportunity cost, supply/demand, goods/services, producers/consumers, three economic questions.

Primary vs. secondary sources; historical thinking skills: sourcing, contextualization, corroboration, close reading.

Oklahoma and U.S. civics: local/state/tribal governments; citizenship rights and responsibilities; voting and civic participation.

Place value: each position is 10 times the one to its right; standard, expanded, and word forms.

Operations with fractions: multiply numerators/denominators; divide by multiplying by the reciprocal; common denominators for add/subtract.

Order of operations: Parentheses/Grouping, Exponents, Multiplication/Division (left to right), Addition/Subtraction (left to right).

Ratios and proportional reasoning: unit rate, cross-multiplication, percent = part/whole × 100; percent change = (new − old)/old × 100.

Area/perimeter/volume formulas: rectangle A = lw; triangle A = ½bh; circle A = πr², C = 2πr; rectangular prism V = lwh.

Mean = sum ÷ count; median = middle value when ordered; mode = most frequent; range = max − min.

Probability: P(event) = favorable outcomes ÷ total outcomes; independent events multiply probabilities.

Algebra: solve linear equations by inverse operations; slope = rise/run = (y₂ − y₁)/(x₂ − x₁); y = mx + b.

Scientific method/inquiry: question, hypothesis, variables (independent, dependent, controlled), data collection, analysis, conclusion.

Life science: cells are basic units; plant vs. animal cells (chloroplasts, cell wall); photosynthesis (CO₂ + H₂O + light → glucose + O₂) and cellular respiration.

Ecosystems: producers, consumers, decomposers; food chains/webs; energy pyramids (~10% transfer between trophic levels).

Earth science: rock cycle (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic); plate tectonics; water cycle (evaporation, condensation, precipitation, runoff).

Space: Earth's rotation causes day/night; revolution and tilt cause seasons; moon phases and tides.

Physical science: states of matter; physical vs. chemical changes; Newton's three laws; simple machines; energy forms and conservation.

Engineering design: define problem, constraints, prototype, test, iterate; science vs. engineering practices.

Safety and measurement: metric units (meter, liter, gram), tools (graduated cylinder, balance, thermometer), lab safety rules.

Five components of health-related fitness: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition.

FITT principle: Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type; overload and progression drive fitness gains.

Target heart rate: (220 − age) × 0.60 to 0.85 for moderate-to-vigorous activity.

Skill-related components: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, speed.

Nutrition: six nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water); MyPlate proportions; hydration and caloric balance.

Communicable vs. noncommunicable disease; hygiene, vaccination, and prevention; first aid basics (RICE for sprains).

Mental/emotional health: stress management, refusal skills, decision-making model, peer pressure resistance.

Physical education standards emphasize motor skills, movement concepts, fitness knowledge, personal/social responsibility, and valuing activity.

Elements of art: line, shape, form, color, value, texture, space.

Principles of design: balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, pattern, rhythm, unity, proportion.

Color theory: primary (red, yellow, blue), secondary, tertiary; warm vs. cool; complementary and analogous schemes.

Music elements: melody, harmony, rhythm, tempo, dynamics, timbre, form; families: strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion.

Theater: actor, director, script, stage directions, blocking; dramatic structure (exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution).

Dance elements: body, action, space, time, energy (BASTE); locomotor vs. nonlocomotor movements.

Art criticism/response: describe, analyze, interpret, evaluate; compare works across cultures and eras.

Integration: arts support literacy, math (patterns, symmetry), and motor development; process over product in instruction.

Learning theories: behaviorism (conditioning, reinforcement), cognitivism (information processing), constructivism (Piaget, Vygotsky ZPD/scaffolding), social learning (Bandura).

Differentiation: content, process, product, environment; tiered instruction, flexible grouping, UDL principles (engagement, representation, action/expression).

Assessment types: formative (ongoing, feedback) vs. summative (end of unit); norm-referenced vs. criterion-referenced; validity and reliability.

Backward design (Wiggins & McTighe): identify desired results, determine acceptable evidence, plan learning experiences.

Classroom management: routines, positive behavior supports, proximity, explicit expectations; least-restrictive interventions.

Special education law: IDEA (FAPE, IEP, LRE), Section 504, ADA; ELL supports and cultural responsiveness.

Professional ethics and Oklahoma teacher standards: learner development, learning differences, learning environments, content knowledge, application, assessment, planning, collaboration.

Data-driven instruction: analyze assessment data, adjust instruction, monitor progress, communicate with families.