OSAT Family and Consumer Sciences (OK109) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Object permanence

Piaget's sensorimotor achievement, roughly 8-12 months, in which a child knows an object still exists when hidden from view. Its absence marks the early sensorimotor stage.

Authoritative parenting

High warmth combined with high, reasoned control. Baumrind linked this style to the most positive child outcomes: self-regulation, social competence, and academic achievement.

Secure attachment

Ainsworth classification in which the infant explores freely with the caregiver present, shows distress at separation, and is readily comforted on reunion.

Differentiation of self

Bowen family systems concept describing the ability to balance emotional closeness and independent thinking under stress. Low differentiation produces reactivity and fusion.

Rule of 72

Estimate of doubling time for compound growth: divide 72 by the annual percentage rate. At 6 percent, money doubles in roughly 12 years.

Opportunity cost

The value of the single next-best alternative given up when a choice is made. It excludes alternatives that were not realistically available.

APR

Annual percentage rate: the cost of credit expressed as a yearly rate including certain finance charges and fees. It allows comparison across loan offers.

Emergency fund

Liquid savings reserved for unplanned expenses or income loss. A common benchmark is three to six months of essential expenses held in accessible accounts.

Compound interest formula

A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P is principal, r the annual rate, n compounding periods per year, and t years. Continuous compounding uses A = Pe^(rt).

AMDR

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range: carbohydrate 45-65 percent, fat 20-35 percent, and protein 10-35 percent of total daily energy intake for adults.

Maillard reaction

Nonenzymatic browning between reducing sugars and amino groups under heat, producing brown color and savory flavor in seared meat, toast, and roasted coffee.

HACCP

Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point: a seven-principle system identifying biological, chemical, and physical hazards and controlling them at critical control points with monitoring and records.

Temperature danger zone

Range of 40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit in which bacteria multiply rapidly. The FDA Food Code advises holding cold food at 41 F or below and hot food at 135 F or above.

Limiting amino acid

The essential amino acid present in shortest supply relative to body needs, which caps protein synthesis. Lysine limits most cereal grains; methionine limits legumes.

Starch gelatinization

Heating starch in water causes granules to absorb liquid, swell, and burst, thickening the mixture. Cooling afterward may cause retrogradation and staling.

Staple versus filament

Staple fibers are short lengths twisted into yarn, giving texture and absorbency. Filament fibers are continuous strands, giving smoothness, luster, and strength.

Warp and weft

In woven fabric, warp yarns run lengthwise and are held under tension; weft yarns run crosswise and interlace over and under the warp.

Draping

Three-dimensional pattern development in which muslin is shaped directly on a dressmaker form, then transferred to paper. It suits complex or asymmetric designs.

Complementary color scheme

Two hues opposite each other on the color wheel, such as red and green. The pairing creates high contrast and visual intensity.

Wearing ease

The minimum extra circumference added to body measurements so a garment allows breathing, sitting, and movement. Design ease is additional and shapes the silhouette.

Kitchen work triangle

The path linking sink, range, and refrigerator. Each leg should be 4 to 9 feet and the three legs combined 13 to 26 feet.

Universal design

Seven-principle approach creating environments usable by people of all abilities without adaptation, covering equitable use, flexibility, simplicity, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low effort, and adequate space.

Fair Housing Act

Federal law barring discrimination in housing sale, rental, and financing based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability.

Condominium ownership

Fee simple title to an individual unit plus an undivided interest in common elements, governed by a homeowners association and bylaws.

Backward design

Wiggins and McTighe planning model: state desired results, decide acceptable evidence, then design learning experiences. It aligns objectives, assessment, and instruction.

Formative assessment

Ongoing checks during instruction, such as exit tickets or observation, used to adjust teaching. They are typically low-stakes and not graded heavily.

SMART objective

A learning objective written to be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound, using observable action verbs rather than vague mental-state verbs.

NASAFACS standards

National FCS content standards organized into 16 areas of study, each with comprehensive standards and competencies that guide curriculum and assessment design.

FCCLA motto

'Toward New Horizons,' the official motto of the Family, Career and Community Leaders of America student organization serving family and consumer sciences programs.

STAR Events

FCCLA competitive events in which members plan and carry out projects, then present and defend them before judges using published rubrics.

Democratic leadership

A style sharing decisions with group members. It builds commitment and skill but takes longer than autocratic leadership when speed is critical.

Employability skills

Transferable workplace competencies grouped as applied knowledge, effective relationships, and workplace skills, including communication, teamwork, problem solving, and dependability.