OSAT Music (CEOE) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Harmonic minor scale

A minor scale with raised seventh degree (7̂), creating a leading tone and augmented second between 6̂ and 7̂.

Secondary dominant

A chromatic chord that functions as V of a diatonic chord other than tonic, labeled V/x (e.g., V/V = II in major).

Rounded binary form

A binary form in which the B section ends with a return of the opening A material, often diagrammed as ||: A :||: BA :||.

Parallel fifths

Voice-leading error in which two voices move in the same direction by the interval of a perfect fifth, prohibited in common-practice counterpoint.

Half-diminished seventh chord

A seventh chord built of minor third, diminished fifth, and minor seventh above the root, notated ø7; diatonic on 7̂ in major.

Augmentation

Motivic transformation that lengthens note values, typically doubling rhythmic durations, often used in development sections.

Period form

A pair of phrases (antecedent and consequent) that form a complete musical thought, often with a half cadence followed by an authentic cadence.

Ars nova

Fourteenth-century French musical style associated with Machaut, featuring rhythmic complexity, isorhythm, and the first complete polyphonic mass ordinary.

Basso continuo

Baroque accompaniment practice using a bass line with figures, realized by a keyboard and a sustaining bass instrument.

Symphonie fantastique

1830 program symphony by Hector Berlioz using an idée fixe to represent the beloved across five movements.

The Rite of Spring

1913 ballet by Igor Stravinsky known for irregular meter, dissonance, and a riot at its Paris premiere.

Twelve-tone method

Compositional technique developed by Arnold Schoenberg in which all twelve pitch classes are ordered in a row and used in prime, inversion, retrograde, and retrograde-inversion forms.

Lied

German art song for voice and piano, prominent in the Romantic era; Schubert's 'Erlkönig' is a famous example.

New World Symphony

Dvořák's Symphony No. 9 (1893), composed in America and incorporating African American and Native American musical influences.

Madrigal

Renaissance secular polyphonic song for several voices, often setting expressive Italian or English poetry; composers include Weelkes and Monteverdi.

Appoggio

Balanced breath-support technique in singing that coordinates inspiratory and expiratory muscles to maintain steady subglottic pressure.

Passaggio

The transition zone between vocal registers (chest and head voice), requiring adjustment of resonance and airflow.

Singing formant

A resonance peak near 2.8–3.2 kHz in trained singers that enhances vocal projection over orchestral accompaniment.

Messa di voce

A vocal exercise and expressive device: a sustained tone that gradually swells from soft to loud and back to soft on one breath.

IPA

International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized notation for speech sounds used by singers to transcribe diction in multiple languages.

Fach

German system classifying voice types by range, tessitura, timbre, and agility to guide operatic role assignment.

Orff-Schulwerk

Music education approach by Carl Orff emphasizing speech, movement, improvisation, and barred instruments, sequenced from imitation to literacy.

Kodály method

Hungarian approach using movable-do solfège, hand signs, rhythm syllables, and folk-song repertoire sequenced from pentatonic to diatonic.

Eurhythmics

Dalcroze branch that trains rhythm and musical expression through bodily movement.

Audiation

Edwin Gordon's term for hearing and comprehending music in the mind without sound being physically present.

Formative assessment

Ongoing evaluation during instruction that provides feedback to adjust teaching and learning, such as exit tickets or observation checklists.

National Core Arts Standards

2014 preK–12 arts standards organized around Creating, Performing, Responding, and Connecting processes for music and other arts.

Lowell Mason

Nineteenth-century educator who helped establish music in Boston public schools in 1838 and advocated for vocal music instruction.

IDEA

Federal law ensuring students with disabilities receive free appropriate public education, least restrictive environment, and individualized education programs.

FERPA

Federal law protecting the privacy of student education records and limiting disclosure without consent.

Fair use

Legal doctrine allowing limited use of copyrighted material for teaching, scholarship, or criticism based on purpose, nature, amount, and market effect.

Least restrictive environment

IDEA principle requiring students with disabilities be educated alongside peers without disabilities to the maximum appropriate extent.