Exit Routes, Emergency Action Plans, and Fire Prevention
Two Ways Out, Kept Clear
Under 1910.36 and 1910.37, a workplace needs at least two exit routes that are remote from each other, at least 28 inches wide, with ceilings at least 7 feet 6 inches high, discharging to a street or refuge area. Exit routes must stay unobstructed, be free of flammable finishes, and be marked by illuminated signs whose "EXIT" letters are at least 6 inches high with 3/4-inch strokes. Exit doors must open from the inside without a key or special tool, and a door serving 50 or more occupants or a high-hazard area must swing in the direction of travel.
Emergency Action Plans and Fire Prevention Plans
1910.38 requires a written EAP whose minimum elements are: procedures for reporting emergencies, evacuation procedures including exit route assignments, procedures to account for all employees after evacuation, and rescue and medical duties for designated employees. Review it with each employee on initial assignment and whenever responsibilities or the plan change. 1910.39 requires a written fire prevention plan listing major fire hazards, handling and storage procedures, potential ignition sources, housekeeping, maintenance of safeguards, and the persons responsible for those controls.
Extinguishers
Portable extinguishers are mounted so the top is no more than 5 feet above the floor, visually inspected monthly, and maintained annually. If employees are expected to use extinguishers, the employer must train them annually; if not, the policy is evacuation only and employees still need to know the alarm and escape routes.
Traps and a Rule of Thumb
Traps: confusing the monthly visual inspection with annual maintenance; forgetting the 50-occupant out-swinging door rule; assuming exit route travel distances match construction or fire code figures.
Rule of thumb: two ways out, 50 swings out, 6-inch letters, 5-foot mount.